Kim S.J.CHIUN HSUSong Y.-Q.Tay K.Hong X.-N.Cao J.Kim J.S.Eom H.S.Lee J.H.Zhu J.Chang K.-M.Reksodiputro A.H.Tan D.Goh Y.T.Lee J.Intragumtornchai T.Chng W.-J.ANN-LII CHENGLim S.T.Suh C.Kwong Y.-L.Kim W.S.2021-09-012021-09-012013https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885184821&doi=10.1016%2fj.ejca.2013.07.006&partnerID=40&md5=ca94d70ef74f03f1dda8239c48de286chttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/580200Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is increasing, as rituximab has become widely used for B-cell lymphoma. Thus, prevention and management of HBV reactivation are important in HBV-endemic areas. Methods Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients and HBsAg-negative/HBV core antibody (HBcAb)-positive patients who received rituximab-containing chemotherapy was investigated by the Asia Lymphoma Study Group via retrospective (n = 340), and the results were compared to cross-sectional analysis with patients who were prospectively monitored in a single institute (n = 127). The goal of the study was to define the frequency of HBV reactivation and the efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis. Results HBV reactivation was found in 27.8% of HBsAg-positive patients (45/162) in the retrospective analysis, being significantly less frequent in patients receiving antiviral prophylaxis than those not (22.9%, 32/140 versus 59.1%, 13/22; p < 0.001). Lamivudine was most commonly used (96/162, 59.3%), but more than 20% of HBsAg-positive patients showed breakthrough HBV reactivation. In the cross-sectional analysis, a reduced rate of HBV reactivation occurred for entecavir as compared with lamivudine prophylaxis (6.3% versus 39.3%; p < 0.05). HBV DNA monitoring of HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive patients in the cross-sectional analysis showed HBV reactivation in only 2.4% of cases. Conclusions This is the largest study of HBV reactivation in patients receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy to date, and we defined the probability of HBV reactivation in an HBV-endemic region. ? 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[SDGs]SDG3adefovir; clevudine; corticosteroid; cyclophosphamide; doxorubicin; entecavir; hepatitis B core antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; lamivudine; prednisone; rituximab; telbivudine; tenofovir; vincristine; virus DNA; adult; antiviral therapy; article; B cell lymphoma; chemotherapy; cross-sectional study; drug efficacy; female; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; human; large cell lymphoma; major clinical study; male; priority journal; prophylaxis; retrospective study; risk factor; treatment duration; virus reactivation; B-cell; Hepatitis B virus; Lymphoma; Rituximab; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antiviral Agents; Asia; Biological Markers; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Viral; Endemic Diseases; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Incidence; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Virus Activationjournal article10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.006239104942-s2.0-84885184821