陽毅平臺灣大學:機械工程學研究所羅濟峰Lo, Chi-FongChi-FongLo2007-11-282018-06-282007-11-282018-06-282005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/60950本論文目的以實現電動機車之換檔的功能,由可變的供應電壓及馬達繞組串並聯,可組合四種檔位,並以FPGA控制完成自動換檔的功能,將電動機車行駛在馬達較高的效率之區域,提高電動機車行駛效率。   以本實驗室研發出的舊四代馬達及新四代馬達完成馬達的性能曲線,利用此性能曲線來估測兩馬達在四種檔次的加速性及最高速度,並以觀察的方式決定四種檔次的可行性,來決定換檔的時機點,將現有的殘電顯示、可變的輸入電壓及馬達繞組串並聯結構,完成整車的目的。   整車完成後,測試兩馬達應用在電動機車上的性能,如極速、加速性、爬坡力、續航力等,最後完成兩馬達的性能比較。This research aims to integrate the propulsion system to test the performance of the direct-driven electric motorcycles. The propulsion system of the dedicated vehicle consists of a stack of batteries, motor controller and drive, axial-flux disk-type four-phase bushless dc motor, and the display of the state of capacity of batteries. The series and parallel connections of batteries and motor windings constitute various gears, drive-by-wire into realization in the light of the implementation on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. The integration of the novel propulsion system is tested on the 4th generation wheel motor; the old one has larger diameter, more turns on winding, larger torque, but lower speed than the new one. Fist, the shift points of gear are determined by investigation the efficiency and torque curves for various gears, in such a way that the driving smoothness and efficiency during the gear shifts are satisfactory. Second, the performance on acceleration, slope climbing, maximum speed, and driving range if tested on road, dynamometer and a motorcycle test platform. During the driving range test, the state of capacity, or residual capacity, is recorded and displayed by continually measuring and calculation ampere-hours and transient open-circuit voltage, coded in the FPGA chip. The experimental results show that the new 4th generation wheel motor has batter performance than the old one. The driving range test under the same condition shows that the new 4th generation motor is superior over the old one and a commercial product. However, the dedicated propulsion system of the direct-driven motorcycle need further development and improvement, to fulfill stringent environmental laws as well as to satisfy consummers’ need.誌謝 I 中文摘要 II 英文摘要 III 目錄 IV 圖表目錄 VI 符號說明 X 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究動機與目的 1 1-2 文獻回顧 2 1-3 各章摘要 4 第二章 電動機車之介紹 6 2-1 電動機車的馬達 6 2-2 電池 8 2-2-1 化學電池的串聯 11 2-2-2 化學電池的並聯 11 2-3 電動機車性能規格 12 第三章 軸向式馬達特性介紹 18 3-1 軸向式馬達結構與規格之介紹 18 3-2 軸向式馬達力矩方程式的建立 22 3-3 軸向式馬達力矩方程式的探討 28 3-4 軸向式馬達電壓方程式 30 第四章 電動機車的變速系統 34 4-1 定子繞組串並聯對匝數及力矩的改變 34 4-2 力矩常數與反電動勢常數的關係 37 4-3 反電動勢對相電流及力矩的影響 40 4-4 繞組切換的策略 42 4-5 電池對電動機車的應用 43 4-5-1 電池串並聯對端電壓及電容量的改變 44 4-5-2 電池切換策略 47 4-6 電池與繞組切換點的選擇 48 第五章 數位化系統整合與驅動系統 52 5-1 控制架構 52 5-2 數位系統 52 5-2-1 類比訊號轉數位訊號 53 5-2-2 數位濾波 55 5-2-3 轉速估測器 58 5-2-4 方波/最佳波形的選擇 59 5-3 類比電路 61 5-3-1 光編碼器 63 5-3-2 繞組串並聯電路 64 5-3-3 繞組並聯-串聯力矩相等的實現 65 5-3-4 電池串並聯 67 5-4 驅動器 68 5-4-1 隔離電路 68 5-4-2 過電流保護電路 69 5-5 殘電顯示 72 第六章 馬達性能測試與電動機車行車測試 75 6-1 實驗設備 75 6-2 實驗規劃 80 6-3 舊四代馬達性能曲線 81 6-4 舊四代馬達實驗結果討論 85 6-4-1 無法實現12V切換到24V的檔次說明 85 6-4-2 無法實現24V切換48V的檔次說明 86 6-5 新四代馬達性能曲線 87 6-6 新四代馬達實驗結果討論 91 6-6-1 無法實現12V切換到24V的檔次說明 91 6-6-2 新四代馬達效率的提升 91 6-6-3 新四代馬達限制相電流的原因 93 6-7 舊四代馬達切換策略 95 6-8 新四代馬達切換策略 97 6-9 以馬達輸出功率估算電動機車的性能 99 6-10 極速與加速性估測 106 6-11 爬坡力估測 109 6-12 實際測試 110 6-12-1 舊四代馬達與新四代馬達極速與加速性測試 110 6-12-2 定速每公里行車距離電能消耗 112 6-12-3 續航力 113 6-13 實驗結果說明與討論 115 第七章 結論與未來展望 118 7-1 結論 118 7-2 未來展望 119 參考文獻 121 附錄A 反電動勢實驗的方法 124 附錄B 並聯力矩與串聯力矩相同的實驗 125 附錄C 景興發電動機車定速續航力測試 1271995370 bytesapplication/pdfen-US電池串並聯繞組串並聯殘電顯示The series and parallel connections of batteries and motor windingsresidual capacity直接驅動電動機車動力整合與性能測試Integration of Propulsion System and Performance Test for Direct-Driven Electric Motorcyclesthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/60950/1/ntu-94-R92522816-1.pdf