2015-01-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/682281摘要：稻熱病，為水稻重要病害，由病原真菌Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr所引起。田間稻熱病主要防治措施之一為栽種水稻抗病品系，但由於田間稻熱病菌高度變異及多樣，商業化單一水稻品系的大面積種植，當環境、氣候等因子適合時，極易造成病害流行及嚴重損失，因此抗病水稻品系無法維持長久之抗性，抗病育種工作須持續進行。為延長抗病水稻品系之田間抗性，須掌握田間稻熱病菌之族群特性及動態變化情形，因此本計劃以稻熱病菌AVR基因為標的，探討臺灣田間稻熱病菌族群AVR基因之種類、組成與特性，及動態變化情形。此外，藉由IRRI LTH IRBL鑑別品系的監測及接種試驗，進行田間菌株AVR基因之遺傳組成功能分析及生理小種之判定，研究結果預期提供臺灣田間稻熱病菌之族群結構資訊，將作為水稻稻熱病病害發生預測，及水稻育種篩選與田間施用之重要依據。<br> Abstract: Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr, is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice in many countries including Taiwan. One of the control measures for this disease is to deploy rice cultivars with resistance in the fields. However, the populations of rice blast fungi are highly dynamic and quickly evolved, and field resistance has been quickly broken down within few years. When environmental and climate conditions are favorable severe epidemics and significant yield loss usually occur in the monoculture commercial fields. This situation makes resistance breeding and control of rice blast more challenging. To prolong or maintain field resistance, it is necessary to understand the genetic structure and variability of the pathogen population in the fields. In this study, we select avirulence (AVR) genes as targets and aim to survey and characterize the population and dynamic structures of rice blast field isolates in Taiwan. We also aim to determine the functionality of AVR genes and physiological races of the pathogen by using IRRI LTH IRBL lines in monitoring program in the fields and inoculation experiments in the laboratory. We hope to better understand the population structure of the rice blast fungus in Taiwan and provide the information for disease epidemiological prediction and screening and deployment of resistant rice cultivars in the fields.水稻稻熱病稻熱病菌avirulence (AVR) 基因生理小種親緣分析LTH IRBL lines判別品系ricerice blast diseaseMagnaporthe oryzaeavirulence (AVR) genephysiological racephylogenetic analysisLTH IRBL differential lines