CHUEH-HUNG WU2023-02-012023-02-012018-01-019780323479042https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/627529Physical agent modalities are very important in the daily practice of most physiatrists and are used to produce the desired therapeutic effects, including relief of discomfort, and facilitation of recovery. The physiologic effects, indications, techniques, and precautions of cold, heat, ultrasound, electromagnetic waves, electricity, and mechanical forces are summarized in this chapter and eSlides.cryotherapy | electromagnetic waves | electrotherapy | heat | laser | traction | ultrasoundbook part10.1016/B978-0-323-47904-2.00017-92-s2.0-85136746565https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85136746565