2014-02-062024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/682445摘要：稻熱病可發生於水稻各個生育時期，在全球造成相當程度之經濟損失。為因應近年來稻熱病好發問題，持續選育本土水稻抗性品系並適當推廣種植，應為較經濟有效之防治措施。過往針對稻熱病進行品種改良時，常因傳統育種方法耗時，難以因應稻熱病菌族群Avr genes之快速演化， 同時水稻雖已有被定序之20個抗性R genes，不同品系的同一個抗性基因座卻極可能存在相當複雜的基因多型性。本計畫將以帶有單一已知R gene之IRBL判別品種為抗性貢獻親本，具代表性之本土良質米品種為導入對象，建立一套適用於稻熱病抗性育種之分子標誌與技術平台。本年度研究重點包括：(1) 瞭解IRBL判別品種及良質米品種之基因體資訊，建立分子育種之高通量基因型分析平台，開發與稻熱病R genes緊密連鎖之分子標誌，及適用於雜交親本遺傳背景篩選之分子標誌；(2) 針對較具潛力之稻熱病抗性基因如Pita、Pi2/Pi9及Pik等，建立IRBL判別品種及良質米品種之雜交組合，期望未來實際建構帶目標抗性基因之良質米品種，並加速稻熱病抗性品種之分子育種工作。<br> Abstract: Rice blast pathogen can infect rice plants at all growth stages, causing severe economic damage all around the world. Breeding and deployment of blast resistance cultivars is one of the most economical, effective, and eco-friendly way to control the disease. Conventional breeding approaches take long time to develop a new variety. However the new variety can be overcome within 2-3 years by fast-evolving M. oryzae population in the field. Although 20 resistance (R) genes have been cloned to date, the sequences and complex genetic structures of the R gene alleles in Taiwan cultivars remain unknown. This study aims to set up a marker-based blast resistance breeding platform, which will facilitate the marker-assisted introduction of known R genes from IRBL monogenic differential lines into high-quality rice cultivars. This year we plan to focus on: (1) the analysis of R gene loci and genome-wide sequences of selected IRBL lines and high-quality cultivars, the establishment of high-throughput genotyping system, and the development of polymorphic markers for foreground (targeted R gene) and background selection; (2) for the R gene alleles incompatible to multiple Taiwan M. oryzae isolates (such as alleles at Pita, Pi2/Pi9 and Pik), crosses between the corresponding IRBL lines and a selected high-quality cultivar will be made, in order to prepare for linkage analysis in F2, as well as phenotyping and genotyping selection in BC1F1.稻熱病菌IRBL單基因判別品種分子標誌輔助回交育種Magnaporthe oryzaeIRBL monogenic linesMarker-assisted backcrossing