2015-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/713705摘要：年金改革在近20餘年成為東亞福利改革的一個重要領域。本研究計畫從西方比較年金政策研究中的制度變遷與年金治理文獻取經，探討台灣、中國大陸與日本、韓國的年金政策發展。在現有西方年金文獻中，已經對於該地區年金體制的特性有所共識（例如俾斯麥與貝弗里奇年金模式），同時也對於各國年金私有化以及路徑轉移的發展有深刻的討論。藉助這個制度變遷與年金治理觀點，本研究認為台灣、中國大陸與日本、韓國的年金體系也可歸類為俾斯麥與貝弗里奇年金模式的類似型，並且在近20餘年的改革過程中重新調整公共與私人年金之間的組合，從而形塑不同年金制度發展的面貌，出現相對清晰的兩種改革路徑。台灣、中國大陸選擇強化公共年金的角色，僅容許企業與私人年金承擔有限的養老保障責任；日本、韓國雖然也有公共年金的制度設計，在歷史上則有較明顯的企業年金體系，因而在近年的年金改革中加重這個部份的角色，以輔助日益降低的公共年金給付。從這樣的分析角度可以較清楚說明幾個重要的東亞年金體系改革動態過程，以及相關的年金治理形態與挑戰，藉此引申出比較年金政策研究關注的老年經濟安全意涵。本計畫研究成果預期能進一步與西方年金改革研究對話，豐富現有的國際年金政策視野。<br> Abstract: Pension reforms have become an important area of East Asian welfare reforms in the past two decades. This project draws on the insight of the new institutionalism on institutional change to study pension reforms of four countries: Taiwan, China, Japan and South Korea. Literature on the changing landscape of Western old-age security offers rich discussions on the politics and policies of pension privatization and path departure of the existing pension systems. In this light, the Taiwanese and Chinese pension systems stand close to the logic of the Bismarckian pension type with public pensions bearing the main responsibility for old-age security, while the Japanese and Korean counterparts represent the mixture of the Bismarckian and Beveridge types where both the public and private pensions play a role in the provision of retirement income. Reform efforts of the past two decades in the two East Asian pension types featured two distinct reform paths that refashioned the public-private pension mix: While Taiwan and China expanded public pensions to cover all population groups, Japan and Korea restructured both public and private pensions to cope with the looming financial burden of public pension systems. The changing pension mix also posed the governance challenge of balancing the financial sustainability of pension systems and the safeguard of adequate old-age security. By dealing with the above essential issues, this project aims to deepen our understanding of the pension policy dynamics as part of the welfare state transformations in East Asia, and to foster academic dialogues with the international literature on the Western pension reforms.東亞&#63886&#63754政策制&#64001變遷年金治理老年經濟安全East Asian pension policyinstitutional changepension governanceold-age security