2013-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/697225摘要：鼻腔內免疫（intranasal immunization）防治呼吸道病原的主要優勢在於誘發局部黏膜免疫，而能於感染部位阻止病原入侵，以及非侵入性的投予方式能避免注射相關的風險和危害。但是和注射方式相比，鼻腔內免疫是否成功的重要關鍵因素在於疫苗免疫原能否穿過黏膜，此關鍵因素可以應用奈米技術加以達成。許多證據指出奈米乳劑（nanoemulsion）作為黏膜免疫佐劑以促進抗原專一性免疫反應極具潛力，然而當前此研究領域之主要進展集中在小型實驗動物模式，有關經濟動物和人的研究極少。因此本計畫聚焦於經濟動物雞，本計畫之目的在探討一系列低黏度、水包油奈米乳劑作為鼻腔內免疫之動物疫苗佐劑，本計畫團隊開發出有效之鼻腔內免疫之奈米乳劑，具有以下特性：（1）乳劑顆粒為奈米大小，能促使免疫原穿過黏膜，被免疫細胞攝入，（2）低黏度乳劑能輕易形成細霧並直達呼吸道深部，（3）油包水乳劑可分散於水相，極為容易經由鼻腔內投予。本計畫將以不活化新城雞病疫苗為試驗模式，測試本團隊獨特奈米乳劑作為動物疫苗鼻腔內免疫佐劑之可行性。<br> Abstract: Intranasal vaccination against respiratory pathogens possesses two major advantages, including the induction of local mucosal immunity that blocks the entry of pathogens at the site of infection, and the elimination of needle-related risks due to the non-invasive vaccination regimen. Unlike parenteral administrations, a key feature dictating the feasibility of intranasal vaccination is the delivery of immunogens across the mucosal membrane, which may be achieved via the application of nanotechnology. Accumulating evidence indicates a promising potential for nanoemulsion adjuvants to facilitate the induction of antigen-specific immunity via intranasal vaccination. However, current progress in this field is limited primarily in small animal models. Evidence pertaining to the application of nanoemulsions for intranasal vaccination in farm animals or humans is scarce. Hence, this project focuses on the farm animal chicken. The objective is to develop a safe and effective low-viscosity, oil-in-water type of nanoemulsions as vaccine adjuvants for intranasal immunization of farm animals. The applicant’s research team has developed nanoemulsion adjuvants with several critical features that may contribute to successful intranasal vaccination, including 1) the nano-sized emulsion droplets that facilitates the uptake of immunogens by immune cells, 2) the low viscosity of nanoemulsions that forms fine mist capable of reaching deep airways via intranasal route, 3) the oil-in-water type of emulsion that can be easily dispersed in aqueous vehicles for intranasal delivery. An inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine will be employed as a model to test our specially formulated nanoemulsions administered via intranasal routes in chickens.鼻腔內免疫黏膜免疫奈米佐劑intranasal immunizationmucosal vaccinationnanoemulsion adjuvant