Chiang Y.-P.WANG-HUEI SHENGPEI-LAN SHAOChi Y.-H.Arthur Chen Y.-M.Huang S.-W.Shih H.-M.LUAN-YIN CHANGCHUN-YI LUSHAN-CHWEN CHANGCHIEN-CHING HUNGLI-MIN HUANG2020-12-152020-12-1520142352-3964https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922059521&doi=10.1016%2fj.ebiom.2014.10.002&partnerID=40&md5=46953609f7a781ab7c4c6dcc60dba9f2https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/525549Individual differences in susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have been of interest for decades. We aimed to determine the contribution of large isoform of Mammalian DnaJ (MRJ-L), a HIV-1 Vpr-interacting cellular protein, to this natural variation. Expression ofMRJ-L in monocyte-derived macrophages was significantly higher in HIV-infected individuals (n=31) than their uninfected counterparts (n=27) (p= 0.009). Fifty male homosexual subjects (20 of them are HIV-1 positive) were further recruited to examine the association between MRJ-L levels and occurrence of HIV infection. Bayesian multiple logistic regression revealed that playing a receptive role and increased levels of MRJ-L in macrophages were two risk factors for HIV-1 infection. A 1% rise in MRJ-L expression was associated with a 1.13 fold (95% CrI 1.06-1.29) increase in odds of contracting HIV-1 infection. Ex vivo experiments revealed that MRJ-L facilitated Vpr-dependent nuclear localization of virus. Infection ofmacrophage-tropic strain is a critical step in HIV-1 transmission.MRJ-L is a critical factor in this process; hence, subjects with higher macrophage MRJ-L levels are more vulnerable to HIV-1 infection. ? 2014 The Authors.[SDGs]SDG3lentivirus vector; phorbol 13 acetate 12 myristate; phytohemagglutinin; protein DnaJ; Vpr protein; adult; Article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; disease association; disease predisposition; enzyme immunoassay; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; genetic susceptibility; genetic transfection; homosexual male; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; infection sensitivity; macrophage; major clinical study; male; men who have sex with men; priority journal; protein expression; questionnaire; risk factor; sequence analysis; serology; unsafe sex; Western blottingjournal article10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.0022-s2.0-84922059521