JUNG-YIEN CHIENTING-YU LIAOYIH-SHARNG CHEN2023-07-242023-07-242022-01-019780443189180https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/634033There are several artificial respiratory support devices have been developed for patients with respiratory failure with/without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). They can support the work of the respiratory system, unload the respiratory muscles and facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Those devices can be applied by mechanical ventilation with an endotracheal tubes or tracheostomy tube or noninvasive methods (e.g., high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilators), inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R). Several types of mechanical ventilators have been designed for critical care, subacute care, home-based, and transportation to provide numerous ventilation modes of mechanical ventilation (e.g., conventional, high-frequency, and advanced ventilator modes). Noninvasive positive pressure ventilators could decrease the need for endotracheal intubation, decrease the risk of nosocomial pneumonia, and improve survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and postoperative acute respiratory failure. In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation is the life-saving first-line standard therapy. Inhaled NO improves ventilation-perfusion matching and provided transient improvement in oxygenation. ECCO2R is a technique using low flow to eliminate blood CO2 with/without a pump. ECCO2R could be used to achieve ultraprotective lung ventilation while avoiding hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. The new generation of microfluidic respiratory assist is developing using microfabrication techniques capable of producing microchannel dimensions similar to those found in human. There are each indications, contraindications, or complications between the different devices. In this chapter, we will introduce above devices briefly.encontinuous positive airway pressureextracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO R) 2high-flow nasal cannulainhaled nitric oxideMechanical ventilationnoninvasive positive pressure ventilators[SDGs]SDG3[SDGs]SDG9book part10.1016/B978-0-443-18918-0.00089-92-s2.0-85153814497https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85153814497