Sharma, Manish KumarManish KumarSharmaLin, Yen-JuiYen-JuiLinLin, Chia-KaiChia-KaiLinNahak, Bishal KumarBishal KumarNahakHuang, Chun-JuChun-JuHuangChen, Chun ChengChun ChengChenWang, Yu-LinYu-LinWangZONG-HONG LIN2026-04-242026-04-242025-0322112855https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85214454178?origin=resultslisthttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/737530High-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are recognized for their high electron mobility, exceptional sensitivity and linear response, making them ideal for precise sensing applications. This study introduces a novel, self-powered monitoring system that integrates a rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (R-TENG) with an AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor for detecting pH levels, heavy metals (Cr6 +, As3+, Pb2+), pesticides (chlorpyrifos) and microplastics (polystyrene) under aquatic conditions. The encapsulated device constructed with acrylic layers and magnetic coupling, operates reliably underwater, achieving a 75 V output at 7 μA at 100 rpm. Demonstrating high pH sensitivity (-13.93 mA/pH) with strong linearity (R2 = 0.98), HEMT sensor effectively detects pollutants at trace levels, distinguishing concentrations down to nanomolar ranges. Operating at a peak power of 76.64 μW and switching frequency of 60 Hz, this innovative system facilitates continuous, long-term environmental monitoring, harnessing water wave energy to enable sustainable pollutant detection in remote or harsh aquatic environments.falseEnergy harvestingEnvironmental monitoringHeavy metal ionsHEMTMicroplasticsTriboelectric nanogeneratorjournal article10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.1106372-s2.0-85214454178