Chen J.-C.Chen Y.Wu J.-M.Su Y.-H.Tai K.-F.SHENG-HONG TSENG2020-03-122020-03-1220060340-7004https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645300066&doi=10.1007%2fs00262-005-0077-7&partnerID=40&md5=ccc05fb019c03ce1efce12a385aafe78https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/476174Purpose: We investigated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) infused into the injection site of irradiated tumor vaccine (TV) as therapy for gliomas. Methods: Rats with subcutaneous RT-2 gliomas were treated with irradiated TV and/or subcutaneous infusion of GM-CSF and/or IL-12 via osmotic minipump 5 days after tumor-cell inoculation. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell activity were analyzed to investigate immune responses. Rats with intracerebral gliomas were treated with irradiated TV and infused GM-CSF/IL-12 3 days after tumor-cell inoculation. Tumor growth rates and animal survival were followed. Survivors were re-challenged with wild-type RT-2 cells subcutaneously or intracerebrally to study long-term anti-tumor immunity. Results: Rats with subcutaneous gliomas treated with GM-CSF and IL-12 or TV plus GM-CSF or IL-12 did not have increased survival rate (P > 0.2), but did have prolonged survival time (P < 0.05); in contrast, rats treated with TV plus GM-CSF/IL-12 had increased survival rate (P < 0.05) and prolonged survival time (P < 0.05) compared with controls. These treatment strategies showed enhanced CTL and NK cell activities. Rats with intra-cerebral gliomas treated with TV plus GM-CSF/IL-12 did not have increased survival rate (P = 0.11), but did have prolonged survival time (P < 0.0001). Survivors in each group were re-challenged with wild-type RT-2 cells, and all had long-term survival. Conclusions: Irradiated TV plus continuous localized infusion of GM-CSF/IL-12 may induce a tumor-specific anti-tumor immune response on established subcutaneous or intra-cerebral gliomas, and such a treatment strategy deserves consideration as adjuvant treatment for glioma. ? Springer-Verlag 2005.Glioma; GM-CSF; IL-12; Immunotherapy; Tumor vaccine[SDGs]SDG2[SDGs]SDG3recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; recombinant interleukin 12; tumor vaccine; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antineoplastic activity; article; cancer immunotherapy; cancer survival; cellular immunity; comparative study; controlled study; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; drug effect; experimental neoplasm; glioma; immune response; inoculation; irradiation; long term care; natural killer T cell; nonhuman; osmotic minipump; priority journal; rat; survival rate; survival time; wild type; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Cancer Vaccines; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Glioma; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Intralesional; Interleukin-12; Killer Cells, Natural; Neoplasm Transplantation; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Recombinant Proteins; Subcutaneous Tissue; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxicjournal article10.1007/s00262-005-0077-7161331062-s2.0-33645300066