周雍強臺灣大學：工業工程學研究所李英睿Lee, Ying-JuiYing-JuiLee2007-11-262018-06-292007-11-262018-06-292005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/51167彈性供應合約對於供應鏈整合有極大的益處，提升了供應鏈的效率，為供應鏈整合提供了完善的機制。在林林總總層出不窮的彈性供應合約中，對於不同產業的適用性為何，許多名稱不相同的彈性供應合約有何相同、相異之處，在彈性供應合約中還有什麼有趣的議題值得人們探討？ 本文針對這些問題試圖找出結論，並採用生產成本特性來分析。將近年來提出的數量彈性合約做一番探討，藉由產業特性分析彈性合約的適用性，只要深入瞭解一個產業的特性，就可找出適用的彈性合約形式，為未來新興的產業或尚未採用彈性合約的供應鏈系統做準備。 本研究將已有的數量彈性供應合約以生產成本角度分為四大類，分別為不論數量為何，平均成本不變的數量彈性合約，時間彈性合約；以及平均成本隨數量改變的選擇權合約與其變化型，再以四個產業特性指標分析其適用性，並探討半導體產業是否適合採用彈性供應合約。最後提出供應鏈中買賣雙方的談判區間指標，做為簽訂合約數量時的參考，成為廠商採用何種商業策略的依據。Flexible supply contracts bring about many advantages in supply chain integration. They not only enhance the efficiency of supply chains but also provide sufficient mechanisms to supply chain coordination. Among so many forms of flexible supply contracts, it is useful to compare the similarities and dissimilarities among them and to find out other interesting issues. This thesis focuses on the questions above and tries to find the answers, by analyzing them based on the viewpoint of production cost. It discusses recent flexible supply contracts and analyzes the fitness of contracts with industrial characteristics. If the characteristics of an industry are known, the suitable form of supply contracts can be selected. This study classifies flexible supply contracts into four categories with the view of production type, such as quantity flexible contracts, time-flexible contracts, option contracts and hybrid contracts, analyzes the fitness of the four types of contracts with industrial characteristics, and discusses if the semiconductor industry is a suitable environment for flexible supply contracts. Finally this study provides reference measures for determining order quantity of a contract for both the buyer and the supplier as a basis of choosing business strategies.目錄 ........................................i 圖目錄 ....................................... iii 表目錄 .........................................v 第一章　 緒論.............................................................................................................1 1.1 彈性供應合約的案例...................................................................................1 1.2 採用彈性供應合約的原因...........................................................................3 1.3 彈性供應合約對生產效率的影響...............................................................6 1.4 研究方法與目的...........................................................................................8 第二章 文獻回顧.....................................................................................................10 2.1 合約概觀.....................................................................................................10 2.2 常見彈性合約與運作流程.........................................................................12 2.2.1 數量彈性合約..................................................................................12 2.2.2 選擇權彈性供應合約.....................................................................15 2.2.3 混合型.............................................................................................20 2.2.4 時間彈性合約.................................................................................22 2.3 供應鏈整合的綜效.....................................................................................23 2.3.1 減少雙重加成.................................................................................24 2.3.2 平衡需求滿足程度.........................................................................26 2.3.3 減少長鞭效應的影響.....................................................................27 2.3.4 以協同合作程度區分供應鏈型態.................................................28 第三章 彈性合約的適用分析...............................................................................32 3.1 產業環境的特性.........................................................................................32 3.2 彈性供應合約的分類.................................................................................35 3.3 生產成本函數對於選擇供應合約的影響.................................................37 3.3.1 非彈性成本函數與彈性成本函數..................................................38 3.3.2 期望成本函數.................................................................................41 3.4 半導體產業使用彈性合約的誘因--良率對生產成本的影響..................43 3.5 衡量彈性的價值與與合約選擇.................................................................45 3.5.1 數量彈性的效果： .........................................................................46 3.5.2 產能保留金的效益.........................................................................46 3.5.3 以數量彈性做為雙方資訊交流的依據.........................................47 第四章 建構供應鏈節點間協商的彈性範圍.....................................................50 4.1 彈性供應合約運作流程.............................................................................50 4.2 採用彈性合約對於產能的影響.................................................................53 4.2.1 預約產能與產能利用率換算..........................................................53 4.2.2 需求滿足率的估算.........................................................................54 4.3 供應商的考量.............................................................................................56 4.3.1 產能利用率.....................................................................................56 4.3.2 服務水準.........................................................................................58 4.3.3 供應商利潤的數量彈性.................................................................59 4.4 買方的考量.................................................................................................60 4.4.1 買方利潤的數量彈性.....................................................................60 4.4.2 減緩庫存的波動與達到最小需求滿足率.....................................60 4.5 建構雙方的談判區間.................................................................................62 4.6 強弱勢節點的判斷與互動型態.................................................................64 第五章 結論...............................................................................................................66 參考文獻.....................................................................................................................67 附錄 雙重加成範例...................................................................................................69489281 bytesapplication/pdfen-US彈性合約供應鏈整合產業特性商業策略Flexible contractSupply chain coordinationIndustrial characterBusiness strategythesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/51167/1/ntu-94-R91546017-1.pdf