Chen W.-Y.Lin C.-J.CHUNG-MIN LIAO2020-01-142020-01-1420140269-7491https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/448856Environmental pollution by anti-influenza drugs is increasingly recognized as a threat to aquatic environments. However, little is known about empirical data on risk effects posed by environmentally relevant concentrations of anti-influenza drug based on recently published ecotoxicological researches in Taiwan. Here we linked ecotoxicology models with an epidemiological scheme to assess exposure risks of aquatic organisms and environmental hazards posed by antiviral oseltamivir (Tamiflu) use in Taiwan. Built on published bioassays, we used probabilistic risk assessment model to estimate potential threats of environmentally relevant hazards on algae, daphnid, and zerbrafish. We found that Tamiflu use was unlikely to pose a significant chronic environmental risk to daphnia and zebrafish during seasonal influenza. However, the chronic environmental risk posed by Tamiflu use during pandemic was alarming. We conclude that no significant risk to algal growth was found during seasonal influenza and high pandemic Tamiflu use. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Ecotoxicology; Environmental risk assessment; Epidemiology; Influenza; Oseltamivir; Tamiflu[SDGs]SDG12Eco-toxicology; Environmental risk assessment; Influenza; Oseltamivir; Tamiflu; Aquatic organisms; Biohazards; Environmental impact; Epidemiology; Risk assessment; oseltamivir; alga; aquatic organism; bioassay; concentration (composition); cyprinid; drug; ecotoxicology; environmental risk; epidemiology; influenza; pollution exposure; risk assessment; zooplankton; 2009 H1N1 influenza; alga; algal growth; aquatic environment; aquatic species; article; bioassay; concentration (parameters); Daphnia; drug elimination; drug uptake; drug use; ecotoxicology; environmental exposure; influenza A (H1N1); influenza A (H3N2); influenza B; nonhuman; pandemic influenza; probability; risk assessment; seasonal influenza; Taiwan; water analysis; water contamination; zebra fish; Taiwan; Ecotoxicology; Environmental risk assessment; Epidemiology; Influenza; Oseltamivir; Tamiflu; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Aquatic Organisms; Daphnia; Environmental Exposure; Models, Chemical; Oseltamivir; Pandemics; Risk Assessment; Seasons; Taiwan; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemicaljournal article10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.0192-s2.0-84885166085https://www2.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885166085&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2013.09.019&partnerID=40&md5=769bb5f39079672ce05ee2b71efbdcf4