Chen C.-YKuo E.-WNagarajan DDong C.-DLee D.-JVarjani SLam S.SChang J.-S.DUU-JONG LEE2021-08-052021-08-0520219608524https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100318586&doi=10.1016%2fj.biortech.2021.124773&partnerID=40&md5=84b1194aa54a7a77b7bf33ca40cc7a49https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/576272In this study, process optimization for the microalgae-based piggery wastewater treatment was carried out by growing Chlorella sorokiniana AK-1 on untreated piggery wastewater with efficient COD/BOD/TN/TP removal and high biomass/protein productivities. Integration of the immobilization carriers (sponge, activated carbon) and semi-batch cultivation resulted in the effective treatment of raw untreated piggery wastewater. With 100% wastewater, 0.2% sponge and 2% activated carbon, the semi-batch cultivation (90% media replacement every 6 days) exhibited a COD, BOD, TN and TP removal efficiency of 95.7%, 99.0%, 94.1% and 96.9%, respectively. The maximal protein content, protein productivity, lutein content, and lutein productivity of the obtained microalgal biomass was 61.1%, 0.48 g/L/d, 4.56 mg/g, and 3.56 mg/L/d, respectively. The characteristics of the treated effluent satisfied Taiwan Piggery Wastewater Discharge Standards (COD < 600 mg/L, BOD < 80 mg/L). This innovative approach demonstrated excellent performance for simultaneous piggery wastewater treatment and microalgal biomass production. ? 2021 Elsevier LtdActivated carbon; Activated carbon treatment; Biomass; Cultivation; Effluents; Optimization; Productivity; Proteins; Reclamation; Chlorella sorokiniana; Dual carriers; Immobilization carriers; Innovative approaches; Microalgal biomass; Piggery wastewater; Protein contents; Treated effluent; Wastewater treatment; activated carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; polyurethan; protein; xanthophyll; biomass; immobilization; microalga; optimization; protein; sponge; wastewater treatment; Article; biochemical oxygen demand; biomass; biomass production; cell adhesion; chemical oxygen demand; Chlorella sorokiniana; coculture; comparative study; controlled study; effluent; electron transport; immobilization; inoculation; microalga; nonhuman; nutrient; priority journal; process optimization; protein content; waste component removal; waste water management; Chlorella; microalga; Taiwan; wastewater; water management; Taiwan; Chlorella sorokiniana; Porifera; Biomass; Chlorella; Microalgae; Nitrogen; Taiwan; Waste Water; Water Purificationjournal article10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124773335488162-s2.0-85100318586