LUAN-YIN CHANGHuang F.-Y.Wu Y.-C.Su I.-J.Chiu N.-C.Chen K.-T.Wu H.-S.Lin T.-H.STEVEN SHINN-FORNG PENGCHUAN-LIANG KAOLee C.-Y.LI-MIN HUANG2020-07-032020-07-0320041072-4710https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/508042Objective: To investigate clinical features and outcomes of children in Taiwan with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vs those of children with influenza to differentiate the 2 diseases. Design, Setting, and Participants: Patients 20 years or younger with clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory evidence of SARS from March to July 2003 vs children with virus culture-confirmed influenza in a 1:1 age- and sex-matched control group. Main Outcome Measures: Rates of symptoms, abnormal laboratory data, and outcomes of recovery, sequelae, or death. Results: The 15 SARS patients (9 girls and 6 boys) had a median age of 17 years (age range, 4-20 years). Nine patients (60%) were infected through household contact, 4 (27%) nosocomially, 1 (7%) through contact with a neighbor, and 1 (7%) after returning from Hong Kong. All 15 patients had fever, 3 (20%) had chills, and 11 (73%) had cough. Only 1 patient (7%) had sputum production; 1 (7%) had rhinorrhea. At presentation, 5 patients (33%) had leukopenia, 6 (40%) had lymphopenia, and 5 (33%) had monocytopenia. All children recovered without sequelae. Children with SARS had significantly lower incidences of rhinorrhea (odds ratio [OR], 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00-0.09), sputum production (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.63), and sore throat (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.85) than children with influenza. Both groups had similar incidences of leukopenia or lymphopenia, but SARS patients had a significantly higher incidence of monocytopenia (33% vs 0%, P = .04). Conclusions: Childhood SARS is usually not fatal. The absence of rhinorrhea and presence of monocytopenia in SARS may distinguish it from influenza.[SDGs]SDG3adolescent; adult; article; child; childhood disease; chill; clinical article; clinical feature; controlled study; convalescence; coughing; disease transmission; female; fever; Hong Kong; hospital infection; household; human; influenza; leukopenia; lymphocytopenia; male; monocyte; monocytopenia; priority journal; rhinorrhea; severe acute respiratory syndrome; sore throat; sputum; Taiwan; travel; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Taiwanjournal article10.1001/archpedi.158.11.1037155203402-s2.0-7644226741