Chen P.-L.Tan D.RUEY JER JEAN2022-05-302022-05-302016https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924565812&doi=10.1016%2fj.ibusrev.2015.01.009&partnerID=40&md5=8a42a760721cf2e00658059bf1bdd488https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/612444Institutional transition from central planning toward an open and market-oriented economic system has pressured emerging market firms to learn new ways of doing business and to strengthen their competitive positions at home. To speed up the learning process, emerging market firms often acquire advanced technology and managerial skills from more developed countries. This paper focuses on two mechanisms through which emerging market firms acquire foreign technological and managerial knowledge, i.e. collaborating with foreign firms and recruiting returnees, and examines the extent to which the two mechanisms facilitate the firms’ performance in the local market. Empirical findings based on a sample of firms that made initial public offerings (IPOs) domestically and from the Zhongguancun Science Park in China indicated that privatized state-owned firms benefit more from foreign collaboration, while entrepreneurial firms benefit more from recruiting returnees. Also, the positive impact of foreign collaboration was reduced by the presence of returnees on the top management team. ? 2015 Elsevier LtdEntrepreneurial firms; Inter-firm collaboration; Knowledge acquisition; Privatized state-owned firms; Returneesjournal article10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.01.0092-s2.0-84924565812