Hsu M.-S.Wang J.-L.Ko W.-J.PO-HUANG LEENAI-KUAN CHOUSHOEI-SHEN WANGChu S.-H.SHAN-CHWEN CHANG2020-03-052020-03-0520070002-9629https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547875728&doi=10.1097%2fMAJ.0b013e31812f5a4e&partnerID=40&md5=674a636bc0cb531ebe4ef5a0450298c1https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/471077BACKGROUND: Taiwan is an area with moderate to high incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The risk of M tuberculosis infection in transplantation recipients is considered to be significant. Our aim in this study was to investigate the clinical spectrums of M tuberculosis-infected transplantation recipients in a southeast Asian country, Taiwan. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the demographic data, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of M tuberculosis infection in kidney, heart, and liver transplant recipients from May 1996 to April 2005 at the National Taiwan University Hospital. RESULTS: Fifteen patients who had received solid organ transplantation developed tuberculosis (kidney = 6, heart = 7, liver = 2). The median duration from transplantation to diagnosis of tuberculosis was 31 months. The cumulative incidence of post-transplantation tuberculosis was 2.0% (15/760), ie, ?3 times that of the general population. Ten patients (66.7%) had pulmonary tuberculosis, 1 (6.7%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and 4 (26.7%) had disseminated tuberculosis. Nine patients completed the anti-tuberculosis treatment; the median treatment duration was 12 months (pulmonary: 9 months; extrapulmonary: 13.5 months). No treatment failure was noted in patients receiving the complete treatment course. The graft failure and mortality rates of post-transplantation tuberculosis were 13.3% each (2/15). The tuberculosis-associated mortality rate was 6.7% (1/15). CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative incidence of tuberculosis was slightly higher in transplant recipients than in the general population in Taiwan. Conventional 4-combined anti-tuberculosis regimen for 12 months can treat the potentially fatal infection successfully in post-transplantation tuberculosis patients without recurrence. ? Copyright 2007 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation.[SDGs]SDG3azathioprine; cyclosporin A; ethambutol; isoniazid; mycophenolic acid 2 morpholinoethyl ester; prednisolone; pyrazinamide; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; rapamycin; rifampicin; streptomycin; tacrolimus; adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; clinical article; clinical feature; controlled study; demography; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; female; graft recipient; heart transplantation; human; incidence; kidney transplantation; liver transplantation; lung tuberculosis; male; miliary tuberculosis; mortality; retrospective study; treatment duration; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Child; Cyclosporine; Female; Graft Rejection; Health Status; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Opportunistic Infections; Organ Transplantation; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosisjournal article10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31812f5a4e177001992-s2.0-34547875728