Chen Y.-Y.Ju S.-P.Lee D.-J.2019-05-142019-05-14201609608524https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/407944Proteins (PN)-rich granules are stable in structure in long-term reactor operations. This study proposed to cultivate PN-rich granules with PN/polysaccharides (PS) >20 from nitrogen lean wastewater, with ammonia-nitrogen as sole nitrogen source at chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N of 153.8. The yielded granules can sustain their structural stability in sequencing batch reactor mode for sufficient treatment of wastewaters up to 7000 mg/L COD and with COD/N < 500 and in continuous-flow reactor for successful 216-d treatment of wastewaters up to organic loading rate (OLR) of 39 kg/m3-d. The produced granules were enriched with Firmicutes and £]-proteobacteria as dominating strains. More than 58% of the nitrogen fed in the nitrogen-lean wastewater is converted to the PN in the granules. The replacement of ammonia by nitrate as sole nitrogen source led to granules enriched with £^-proteobacteria which are easily deteriorated at low OLR. ? 2016 Elsevier Ltd.Aerobic granulesNitrogen speciesPN/PSStability[SDGs]SDG6journal article10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.1202-s2.0-84977497638https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977497638&doi=10.1016%2fj.biortech.2016.06.120&partnerID=40&md5=f6516b263332552344aee9ca7791da21