2019-08-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/679071摘要：社區是社會的基本單元，並為社區居民提供了互動以及建立信任、合作等互惠關係的場域。尤其在全球化浪潮中，許多國家紛紛強調應透過發展社區治理，以維持社會秩序並減少不平等，自此社區遂為政府治理結構及政策運行不可或缺的核心樞紐。在此一背景之下，社區本身具有的主客觀基礎條件，以及制度或治理結構，如何促使個體居民形成集體凝聚力，最終構建出解決問題的行動能力，成為近年國際間學界共同重視鑽研的焦點。本計畫的核心問題意識，即在於社區集體效能（neighborhood collective efficacy）作為連接社區基礎條件以及社區治理能力的中介變數，是如何被形塑，並影響社區治理能力之提升?以及在不同的體制系絡下，這些機制與影響過程又是如何被呈現? 質言之，本次多年期的研究計畫，將關注台灣、日本、中國大陸三地不同背景下的社區結構，如何形塑社區集體效能，並影響社區治理之能力產出。本計劃將以三大目標為核心主軸：其一，基於Elinor Ostrom的制度分析與發展理論（IAD）以及社會生態系統理論（SES），構建出社區治理能力的理論框架，並以藉助定性案例比較分析法（QCA）分析三地社區治理案例，分析影響社區治理能力條件組合之異同；其二，以「社區集體效能」為重要中介變數，建立社區治理效能實證模型並輔以多群組結構方程模型（Multi-group SEM），探究不同地區間社區治理結構對於社區治理能力影響的異質性。最後，藉助錨定法（Anchoring Vignettes），設計居民感知社區治理能力主觀評價問卷，校正居民社區治理能力的感知差異。也就是說，本計畫將採&#65378;質量並重&#65379;的方式，循序漸進比較三地社區治理能力的影響機制的差異。 綜上，經由比較行政的研究可以深化對制度及社會系絡與運作結果異同之理解，對公共行政學研究有其重要價值性。本研究期望透過比較台灣、日本、中國大陸三地政經社文系絡，探討其所呈現的社區治理樣態之異同，以及其形成原因。經由三地之比較，除了能增加對於東亞之社區治理的認識，亦能從中梳理提升社區集體效能、健全社區治理能力之可行途徑與可能輪廓圖像（whole picture），最終於社區治理面向上積蓄比較行政的理論及實證資料。 <br> Abstract: The community is the basic social unit and provides residents an interactive field where they can build trusting, cooperative, and beneficial relationships. Particularly in the age of globalization, many countries are seeking to promote community governance so as to maintain social order and reduce social inequality; thus, the community has become an indispensable core unit in government governance structure and policy operations. Against this backdrop, academic research focus has turned to how the conditions and governance structures of communities can form collective efficacy and eventually generate problem-solving capacity. The core research question of this study is ‘neighborhood collective efficacy’ as the mediating factor between the basic conditions of the community and its governance capacity, how it is formed, how it affects community capacity, and how these mechanisms and impact processes are reflected in the context of different political systems. This multi-year research study will explore how the governance structure of a community impacts neighborhood collective efficacy and further affects community capacity in the different political systems of Taiwan, Japan, and mainland China. It will focus on three main goals: First, using Elinor Ostrom`s Institutional Analysis and Development Theory (IAD) and Social Ecosystem Theory (SES) to construct a theoretical framework for community capacity, and with the help of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) analyzing the different combinations of impact factors among the three regions. Second, focusing on neighborhood collective efficacy to build an empirical model of community capacity and using multi-group structural equation modeling (Multi-group SEM) to detect the impact of governance structure heterogeneity on community capacity across the three different regions. Third, using anchoring vignettes to measure residents’ perceived community capacity to overcome interpersonal incomparability in quantitative research. This study will adopt a ‘mixed method’ approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods to compare the difference of the impact mechanisms of community capacity in Taiwan, Japan, and mainland China. Comparative administration research can deepen the understanding of different institutional and social systems and their governance outputs, which has significant value for public administration research. In summary, this study will compare the political, economic, social, and cultural systems of Taiwan, Japan, and mainland China to explore the differences of the community governance patterns and their forming reasons. The comparative study of the three regions will not only enhance the understanding of community governance in East Asia, but also provide an overall picture of how to improve neighborhood collective efficacy and community capacity, thus providing a theoretical contribution and empirical evidence to the field of community governance.社區治理結構社區集體效能社區治理能力質量並重法台灣日本中國大陸governance structureneighborhood collective efficacycommunity capacitymixed methodsTaiwanJapanmainland China