陳漢明臺灣大學:機械工程學研究所范智凱Fan, Zhi-KaiZhi-KaiFan2010-06-302018-06-282010-06-302018-06-282008U0001-2907200814143300http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/187063國外有不少的文獻、論文及新聞報導玩Nintendo Wii 造成肌肉及骨骼傷害，但卻無研究探討Wii Remote在設計上是否有問題。本研究中，我們針對電玩控制器(Wii Remote)的重量特徵作出探討，討論在不同重量的電玩控制器(100克、140克、180克、220克以及260克)在相同模擬網球揮拍頻率之下，上肢肌肉的肌肉負荷。因此利用表面肌電儀(Surface Electromyography,sEMG)以及電子量角器量測使用者操作不同重量(100克、140克、180克、220克、260克)電玩控製器時手部肌肉(尺側伸腕肌、伸指肌、尺側屈腕肌、前支三角肌、中段三角肌、後支三角肌和斜方肌)的負荷，並以定性及定量的分析方法，探討所量得的資料，從而選出最佳的重量。究結果表示經常使用過輕或是過重的電玩控制器，會造成手臂肌肉的不適。且不同重量的電玩控制器在相同模擬網球揮拍頻率之下有著不同肌電訊號。25個受測者在實驗使用著不同重量的電玩控制器，模擬打網球動作揮拍電腦螢幕中設計之網球遊戲的球。在相同頻率之下，使用140G的電玩控制器較不易造成手部及肩部肌肉(尺側伸腕肌、前支三角肌和斜方肌)的負荷。研究結果亦顯示手臂揮動之角速度及角加速度會影響肌肉的活動值。Frequently using underweight or overweight video game controllers may lead to musculoskeletal discomfort and symptoms in forearms, upper arms and shoulders. Differently weighted controller being played at the same frequency may have varied effects on forearm, upper arm, and shoulder muscle activity. Each of the twenty-five subjects repetitively performed the task of simulating playing tennis with each of the five different weight controller at the same frequency on video game. The extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, flexor carpi ulnaris, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid and upper trapezius muscle activity were recorded by surface electromyography and the right shoulder postures were registered by an electrogoniometer, and then the recorded data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA. The lowest ECU, ED, FCU, AD, MD, PD, and Trap muscle activity all occurred in using the controller 140G. To play at a preset waving frequency, selecting and using a corresponding optimally weighted controller could provide users more neutral arm postures to reduce the forearm, upper arm and shoulder muscle activity and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.Contentshinese abstract………………………………………………. I nglish abstract………………………………………………. II able of Contents……………………………………………… IV ist of figures……………………………………………… . VI ist of Tables…………………………………………………. IXhapter 1 Introduction.1 Background…….………………….……………………… p.1 .2 Aim of Study..…………………………………………… p.3.3 Organization of the Thesis……………….………….. p.4hapter 2 Muscle Biomechanics and Related Work.1 Related Works……………………………………………. p.6.1.1 Introduce the Wii Remote.......................p.6.1.2 Development of game controllers………………… .p.7.1.3 Associations with players and video games………p.11hapter 3 Procedure and apparatus.1 Model Development………………………………………. p.14.2 Subject Participated…………………………………… p.15.3 Apparatus……………………………………………….… p.15.4 Experimental Procedure………………………………… p.17.5 Data Acquisition………………………………………. p.24.6 Data Analysis……………………………………………. p.30hapter 4 Results.1 Arm Posture………………………………………………. p.32.2 Arm angular velocity and acceleration………….. p.32.3 EMG Activity………………………………………….. p.36.4 Questionnaire………………………………………….. p.44hapter 5 Discussion…………………………………………. p.47hapter 6 Conclusions………………………………………… p.51eferences………………………………………………………. p.52ist of Figures ig. 2.1.1 Wii Remote……………………….…………….. p.7ig. 2.1.3-1 Nintendo thumb……………………………….. p.11ig. 2.1.3-2 Incorrect posture……………………………. p.12ig. 3.1-1 Experiment controller Wii Remote………..… p.14ig. 3.1-2 Different weighted controller, 100G, 140G, 180G, 220G, and 260G respectively………………………… p.14ig. 3.3-1 BIOPAC systems MP150…………………………… p.16 ig. 3.3-2 Bipolar Ag/AgCl surface electrodes TSD 150A……………………………………………………………… p.17ig. 3.3-3 Biometrics Electrogoniometers SG150………. p.17ig.3.4-1(a) The electrode site of extensor carpi ulnaris..……………………………………………………………………. p.20ig.3.4-1(b) The electrode site of extensor digitorum communis………………………………………………………… .p.20 ig.3.4-2 The electrode site of flexor carpi ulnaris. p.20ig.3.4-3 The electrode site of anterior deltoid… … p.21ig.3.4-4 The electrode site of middle deltoid……… p.21ig.3.4-5 The electrode site of posterior deltoid…… p.22 ig.3.4-6 The electrode site of upper trapezius……… p.22 ig.3.5-1 The tennis game of the experiment: The green ball in the window is approaching the middle hallow ircle.…..…………………………………………………..… p.26ig.3.5-2 The tennis game of the experiment: At this moment, the red ball represents that the subject strikes the ball.………………………………………………………. p.26ig.3.5-3 The tennis game of the experiment: The ball is leaving.……………………………………….. p.27ig.3.5-4 The actions which simulates playing tennis. (a)The initial posture (b) At this moment, subjects should hit the ball in the computer screen. (c)The finished posture.……………………………………………..………… p.27ig.3.5-5 The questionnaire……………………………………………. p.28ig.3.5-2 The procedure of the experiment….…………. p.29ig.4.1. The percentages of time spent in the posture which simulates playing tennis in every 5° interval for the 25 subjects in using the five controllers…………………………………………………. …p.34ig.4.2-1. The average angular velocity for 25 subjects in using the five controllers……………………………………………………..p.35ig 4.3-1. The mean normalized EMG values of the 25 subjects in terms of the three forearm muscles after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. An asterisk indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05). Boxes were given as mean values with 50% confidence intervals from 25th to 75th percentile……………………………………………………… p.39ig 4.3-2. The mean normalized EMG values of the 25 subjects in terms of upper arm muscles after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. An asterisk indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05). Boxes were given as mean values with 50% confidence intervals from 25th to 75th percentile……………………………………… p.39ig 4.3-3(a) The mean normalized EMG values of 8 periods in striking stroke in ED muscles of the 25 subjects after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)…………………………………………………………………… p.40ig 4.3-3(b) The mean normalized EMG values of 8 periods in striking stroke in ECU muscles of the 25 subjects after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)…………………………………………………………………… p.40ig 4.3-3(c) The mean normalized EMG values of 8 periods in striking stroke in FCU muscles of the 25 subjects after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)…………………………………………………………………… p.41ig 4.3-3(d) The mean normalized EMG values of 8 periods in striking stroke in AD muscles of the 25 subjects after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)…………………………………………………………………… p.41ig 4.3-3(e) The mean normalized EMG values of 8 periods in striking stroke in MD muscles of the 25 subjects after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)…………………………………………………………………… p.42ig 4.3-3(f) The mean normalized EMG values of 8 periods in striking stroke in PD muscles of the 25 subjects after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)…………………………………………………………………… p.42ig 4.3-3(g) The mean normalized EMG values of 8 periods in striking stroke in Trap muscles of the 25 subjects after five 10-minute which simulates playing tennis tasks. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)…………………………………………………………………… p.43ist of Tablesable 2.4.2-1. Development of game controllers (1985s ago)…………………………………………………………………… p.8able 2.4.2-2. Development of game controllers (1985~1995)…………………………………………………………………… p.9able 2.4.2-3. Development of game controllers (1995~2000)…………………………………………………………………… p.9able 2.4.2-4. Development of game controllers (2000~2006)…………………………………………………………………… p.10able 2.4.2-5. Development of game controllers (2006~nowadays)………………………………………………. p.10able 4.2(a) The average angular velocities of 8 periods in striking stroke in using the five controllers…….p.35able 4.2(b) The average angular accelerations of 2 periods in striking stroke in using the five controllers……………………………………………………..p.36able 4.3(a) Mean normalized EMG values of the seven examined muscles of the 25subjects in using the five controllers……………………………………………………..p.38able 4.4(a) Questionnaire: Full marks are 5 scores…………………………………………………………… p.452076558 bytesapplication/pdfen-US控制器重量手腕姿勢手臂的肌電訊號肩部的肌電訊號表面肌電儀Controller weightshoulder postureArm muscle activitySurface electromyographythesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/187063/1/ntu-97-R94522631-1.pdf