Chien C.-H.BOR-LUEN CHIANG2021-07-022021-07-0220171021-7770https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034444620&doi=10.1186%2fs12929-017-0391-3&partnerID=40&md5=4adfa5ed5c3d18467c8bf6c630e65500https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/567760Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in the homeostasis of the immune response. In addition to CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, several subsets of Foxp3- regulatory T cells, such as T helper 3 (Th3) cells and type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, have been described in mice and human. Accumulating evidence shows that na?ve B cells contribute to tolerance and are able to promote regulatory T cell differentiation. Na?ve B cells can convert CD4+CD25- T cells into CD25+Foxp3- regulatory T cells, named Treg-of-B cells by our group. Treg-of-B cells express LAG3, ICOS, GITR, OX40, PD1, and CTLA4 and secrete IL-10. Intriguingly, B-T cell-cell contact but not IL-10 is essential for Treg-of-B cells induction. Moreover, Treg-of-B cells possess both IL-10-dependent and IL-10-independent inhibitory functions. Treg-of-B cells exert suppressive activities in antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific manners in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the phenotype and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, Th3 cells, Tr1 cells, and Treg-of-B cells. ? 2017 The Author(s).[SDGs]SDG3cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4; gamma interferon; interleukin 10; interleukin 17; interleukin 2; neuropilin 1; programmed death 1 receptor; protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP 1; protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP 2; retinoid related orphan receptor gamma; transcription factor GATA 3; transcription factor T bet; tumor necrosis factor; adoptive transfer; allergic asthma; allergic encephalomyelitis; antigen presenting cell; arthritis; B lymphocyte; CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocyte; cell therapy; cytokine release; disease severity; down regulation; FOXP3 gene; gene; graft versus host reaction; helper cell; homeostasis; human; immune response; immunological tolerance; immunomodulation; inflammatory bowel disease; lymphocyte differentiation; macrophage; marginal zone lymphoma; mast cell; nonhuman; phenotype; priority journal; protein expression; regulatory T lymphocyte; respiratory tract allergy; Review; spleen cell; T lymphocyte subpopulation; Th3 cell; animal; B lymphocyte; mouse; physiology; regulatory T lymphocyte; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Mice; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatoryreview10.1186/s12929-017-0391-3291510212-s2.0-85034444620