陽毅平臺灣大學:機械工程學研究所羅浚彬2007-11-282018-06-282007-11-282018-06-282004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/61281本研究提出雙馬達應用於直驅式電動汽車驅動時之電流分佈控制,當車輪受到干擾負載或參數變動時,驅動車輪仍可維持同步等速,使汽車直線前進;電流分佈控制系統包括負載估測器和速度控制器,分析結果顯示系統具有穩定性與強健性,且能具體以數位控制晶片實現之。 首先推導驅動輪與整車之動態方程式,再則利用PI型速度控制方式控制各馬達速度以達所給予之速度命令,另外,以理論推導駕駛者輸入電流命令與實際分配至各馬達的電流總和間的轉移函數,針對系統作理論的分析與探討。最後利用MATLAB/Simulink建立本文之馬達模型,來模擬本文所提速度控制與電流分佈控制。 硬體實現上採用FPGA數位晶片,以硬體描述語言撰寫速度控制與電流分佈控制器各部份的電路行為。最後,以動力計實際測試馬達之速度反應與電流分佈等特性,並針對實測數據做分析與比較。誌 謝.......................................................................................................I 中文摘要.................................................................................................II 英文摘要................................................................................................III 目 錄.....................................................................................................IV 圖表目錄..............................................................................................VIII 參數定義.............................................................................................XVII 第一章 緒論.............................................................................................1 1-1 研究動機與目的..................................................................................1 1-2 文獻回顧...........................................................................................3 1-3 各章摘要..........................................................................................11 第二章 馬達動態方程式...........................................................................13 2-1 車輪馬達與繞線結構介紹...................................................................13 2-2 馬達力矩方程式................................................................................17 2-2-1 磁阻力矩.......................................................................................17 2-2-2 齒卡力矩.......................................................................................18 2-2-3 對正力矩.......................................................................................18 2-2-4 力矩與反電動勢常數.......................................................................18 2-3 馬達動態方程式................................................................................20 2-3-1 電氣動態方程式.............................................................................20 2-3-2 機械運動方程式.............................................................................22 2-4 整車運動方程式...............................................................................25 2-4-1 運動方程式...................................................................................25 2-4-2 整車驅動架構................................................................................26 第三章 雙車輪馬達電流分佈控制法則.......................................................29 3-1 主要控制方式及其目的......................................................................32 3-2 雙馬達速度控制策略.........................................................................35 3-2-1 單馬達速度控制方式......................................................................35 3-2-2 等效電流型控制架構......................................................................36 3-2-3 同步等速控制架構.........................................................................39 3-2-4 電流限制方式及其影響...................................................................41 3-3 速度命令補償方式(VCC)...................................................................46 3-3-1 控制架構......................................................................................46 3-3-2 控制器轉移函數及其穩定性分析.....................................................48 3-3-3 控制器強健性分析.........................................................................56 3-3-4 雙馬達速度控制器架構..................................................................62 第四章 電流分佈控制模擬與結果討論......................................................64 4-1 馬達參數與模擬假設........................................................................64 4-1-1 馬達機械與電氣常數.....................................................................64 4-1-2 模擬假設與參數設定.....................................................................67 4-2 模型之建立.....................................................................................70 4-2-1 反電動勢電流限制........................................................................71 4-2-2 具限制最佳電流波形產生..............................................................72 4-2-3 力矩計算.....................................................................................73 4-3 速度控制模型建立...........................................................................74 4-3-1 單馬達速度控制模型.....................................................................74 4-3-2 雙馬達電流分佈控制模型..............................................................76 4-4 模擬測試.......................................................................................77 4-4-1 馬達性能比較..............................................................................77 4-4-2 速度控制與負載估測模擬..............................................................82 4-4-3 雙馬達電流分佈控制模擬..............................................................88 4-5 模擬結果與討論.............................................................................123 第五章 控制器之硬體實現.....................................................................126 5-1 馬達數位控制器與驅動架構.............................................................126 5-1-1 馬達驅動器架構.........................................................................126 5-1-2 電流型控制架構..........................................................................129 5-2 速度控制器架構............................................................................133 5-2-1 速度估測方式............................................................................133 5-2-2 實驗架構...................................................................................136 5-3 控制器實現方式............................................................................139 5-3-1 馬達硬體架構............................................................................139 5-3-2 MFC架構..................................................................................140 5-3-3 VCC架構..................................................................................143 5-3-4 PI控制架構................................................................................145 5-3-5 負載估測架構............................................................................147 5-3-6 整體時序分析............................................................................149 第六章 實驗與結果討論......................................................................151 6-1 馬達規格與繞組結構.....................................................................151 6-2 實驗設備....................................................................................152 6-3 實驗條件與項目...........................................................................156 6-4 實驗結果與討論...........................................................................162 第七章 結論與未來展望.....................................................................182 7-1 本文結論....................................................................................182 7-2 未來展望.....................................................................................184 參考文獻...........................................................................................18629854208 bytesapplication/pdfen-US負載估測電流分佈速度控制Current distributionload observerspeed control直驅式電動汽車雙馬達之電流分佈控制thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/61281/1/ntu-93-R91522825-1.pdf