葛祥林Xiang-Lin, Ge臺灣大學:國家發展研究所白茹桐Pron, Elzbieta MariaElzbieta MariaPron2010-05-052018-06-282010-05-052018-06-282009U0001-2406200914405900http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/180399越南社區從二十世紀五十年代開始成為捷克社會組織裡不可分離的部分。當時北越的專家以及學生為了研究與教育的目地來到捷克。七十、八十年代很多人從北越進入捷克工廠做長時間的工作實習。他們的流入是因為捷克斯拉夫在越南戰爭時提供北越大量的作戰武器，所以後來越南人用提供人力資源的方式來償還戰爭時的貸款。大部份的工人在工作實習結束之後決定要繼續留在捷克斯拉夫，並且建立起捷克第一代的越南社區與其根深蒂固的文化傳統。現在捷克越南社區已經成為當地第三大的移民社區，並且包含了超過六萬名的越南移民。雖然越南社區存在於捷克已經有相當長久的時間，並且也與捷克文化融為一體，但是只有少數人真正了解越南社區實際狀況。這個社區有自己獨特的運作方式，並且創造出許多不在法律許可範圍內的方法去解決他們各種不同的問題：生活上的、移民手續上的、勞動力市場的、甚至也建立起對新移民的相關規範。這種半合法的組織結構發展成越南社會裡多年來的國際組織犯罪行政管理，還有非法的人口買賣和物品交易過程。在加上2008下半年經濟危機蔓延到中歐以及東歐，造成了許多受雇於捷克工廠的越南籍勞工面臨失業，使得許多勞動力市場的非法問題浮出檯面。論文將回答以下兩個問題：一、為何越南社區移民在成為犯罪組織下手的目標後，同時也會變成犯罪行為的加害者？二、捷克應該如何因應越南犯罪組織的行為？此研究於2008年9月進行到2009年5月。使用的研究方法包括：蒐集相關資料，如網路上和紙本的相關書籍與研究報告；同時研究者也以質化研究的方式進行訪談，對象包含捷克與越南的人民，相關捷克政府官員、非政府組織的員工、越南組織的領導人以及相關領域的專家學者。研究有助於提供對抗越南犯罪組織的可能方法，包含法律與管理、社會學還有勞動力市場的管理方法。雖然捷克和越南政府沒有對相關越南犯罪組織問題加以重視，但是上述所及解決之道是捷克社會與越南社區可以實行的。並且從研究裡發現未被探究過的越南社區問題，包含：越南社區移民在捷克的政治行使權以及對政治的看法及觀念；留學代辦處的犯罪現象。Vietnamese community has been the inseparable element of the (current) Czech Republic’s ethnic composition since 1950s, when first Vietnamese students and high-skilled professionals came to the Czech State for research, educational exchanges and trainings. The great influx of Vietnamese occurred in the 1970s and 1980s while number of North Vietnam workers was sent for long-term training to Czechoslovak factories in the aim to work off to pay back the North Vietnam’s debts connected with the Czechoslovak weaponry aid during the Vietnamese war. Several of these workers decided to bring their families and stay in Czechoslovakia and further Czech Republic after completion of their contracts. These people set up the social and cultural foundations for establishing the latter Czech Vietnamese community. ecently the community constitutes the third largest migrant community in the Czech Republic, counting 60000 members. Despite of its long presence in the Czech State, the fact it enters several social layers and integrates with Czech society, it remains the least known and closest of the ethnic groups living in there. In several spheres of life the community found its own unique, often semi-legal ways to manage certain problems related to living condition, administration and labour market as well as set up the network of (linguistic, social) services offered to the newcomers. The whole system of semi-legal practises within the Vietnamese community has evolved for several years to the extent of international organized crime in the fields of administrative and legal misuses, organized illegal migration, trafficking in humans and goods. Additionally, the economic crisis that reached Central and Eastern Europe in the second half of 2008 caused numbers of dismissals of the Vietnamese workers employed by the Czech factories and revealed the wide range of illegal practices related to the labour market.he aim of this thesis was to answer two questions: What make Vietnamese community being the target of organized crime and participating in organized criminal activities? How the Czech State can combat the Vietnamese organized crime? The research was conducted in the time span September 2008 – May 2009. The methodology used during the research included printed books, reports as well as the online articles and journals. Alongside, the author carried out a plethora of qualitative interviews with Czech, Vietnamese, Czech State officials, NGO employees, leaders of the Vietnamese associations and scientists focusing on the Vietnamese community.he research findings enclose several possible approaches to fight the most serious features of the Vietnamese organized crime (legal and administrative approach, societal approach, labour market approach). These are only certain methods that might be implemented by Vietnamese community and Czech society, since the Czech and Vietnam States have not recognized the problem of the Vietnamese organized crime in the Czech Republic. Among the findings of the research were new, unpublished problems concerning the Vietnamese community such as: the political capacity, opinions and involvement into Czech politics amid (Czech) Vietnamese; the criminogenic phenomenon of the students’ and studies’ agencies operating within the job agencies.中文摘要 ibstract iiiable of contents v. Introduction – Purpose and Overview of this study 1.1. The Rationale of the Research 1.2. The Purpose and Points of Interests within this Thesis 3.3. The Limits of the Research 6.4. Literature Review 7.5. The Basic Concepts within the Thesis 9.6. Methodology of the Research 12.7. The Order of the Research 15.8. Scientific Relevance of the Thesis 17.9. Technical Introduction 18. The Ethnic Composition of the Czech Republic – Laws and the Peoples 19.1. The Legal Situation of the Ethnic Minorities and Immigrants and Their Rights and Freedoms in the Czech Republic 20.1.1. International Law 20.1.2. Legal Standards Applying to the Ethnic minorities in the Czech Republic 24.1.3. Legal Standards Applying to the Immigrants’ in the Czech Republic 31.2. The Ethnic Minorities, Immigrants and the Majority within the Czech Republic 36.2.1. Ethnic Minorities 37.2.2. Immigrants 41.2.3. Majority – Czech People 46.3. Conclusions 49. Vietnamese Migration and Cultural Continuity in Host Countries 51.1. History of the Vietnamese Migrations 51.2. The Vietnamese Communities in the World 56.3. How to Be a Vietnamese Outside of Vietnam? 63.4. Conclusions 66. Vietnamese Community in the Czech Republic 68.1. The History of the Czech Vietnamese Community in the Czech Republic 69.2. Contemporary Vietnamese Community in the Czech Republic 73.2.1. The Employment Structure within the Vietnamese Community 76.2.2. The Educational Structure of the Vietnamese Community 81.3. The Presence of Vietnamese in the Czech Politics and Other Public Activities 83.3.1. The Political Capacity of the Vietnamese Community 83.3.2. Vietnamese in the Czech Politics 86.3.3. Public Activities Related to the Vietnamese Community in the Czech Republic 89.4. Vietnamese Community – Immigrants or Ethnic Minority? 93.5. Conclusions 94. Organized Crime in the Czech Republic 97.1. Organized Crime and Related Concepts – Definition and Characteristics 97.2. The Organized Criminal Groups in the Czech Republic 100.2.1. The Characteristics of the Czech Organized Criminal Groups 100.2.2. The Main Activities of the Organized Criminal Groups in the Czech Republic 103.3. Conclusions 104. Vietnamese Organized Crime in the Czech Republic 105.1. The History of the Vietnamese Organized Crime in the Czech Republic Until 2000 106.2. The Contemporary Vietnamese Organized Crime – Development and Characteristics After 2000 110.2.1. The Criminogenic Traits of the Vietnamese Community in the Czech Republic 110.2.2. Vietnamese Organized Crime - Characteristics 113.3. Human Trafficking and Exploitation 116.3.1. The Vietnamese State’s Attitude towards the Economic Migrations of Vietnamese 116.3.2. The Human Trafficking and Exploitation through “Job Agencies” 118.3.3. The Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Prostitution and Human Exploitation 123.4. The Drug-Related Crimes within the Vietnamese Community 131.5. The Selected Administrative Misuses within the Vietnamese Community 135.6. Conclusions 137. Conclusions of the Research 140.1. The Specification of the Vietnamese Community in the Czech Republic 141.1.1. (Dual) Trends in the Community Development 142.1.2. The Social Integration of the Czech Vietnamese Community 144.2. Impact of Societal and Cultural Factors on the Development of Vietnamese Organized Crime 145.2.1. The Criminogenic Features of the Distribution of Vietnamese Community in the Czech Republic 146.2.2 Victimization and Stigmatization in the Vietnamese community 147.2.3. Impact of the Vietnamese Market Culture on the Development of Organized Crime 149.3. How the Czech State Can Combat the Vietnamese Organized Crime? Conclusions and Trends 151.3.1. Administrative and Legal Approaches 151.3.2. Societal Approach 153.3.3. Labour Market Approach 154.4. Final Recommendations and Conclusions 155ibliography 158ppendix 1. The Interview with Czech – Script 174ummary – Interview Findings 176ppendix 2. The Interview with Vietnamese – Script 183ummary – Interview Findings 185application/pdf1111246 bytesapplication/pdfen-US世界上的越南社區、捷克移民與少數民族組織犯罪捷克的犯罪現實Vietnamese communities in the WorldCzech Republic – migrants and ethnic minoritiesorganized crimeCzech Republic – criminality[SDGs]SDG16thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/180399/1/ntu-98-R96341069-1.pdf