2019-01-012024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/663155摘要：抗病品種之選育及使用，向來為最經濟、有效、環保之病蟲害防治手段，也是優質安全農產品生產中不可或缺之一環。稻熱病可發生於水稻各個生育時期，在全球均造成相當程度之經濟損失，為因應稻熱病菌族群 Avr genes 之快速演化，需釐清現有品種所帶之抗性基因，擴大抗性多樣性，持續選育本土水稻抗性品系，才能有效應付品種輪替之需求。近年來臺灣及其他國家均有徒長病發生嚴重及抗藥性菌株之報導，由於在藥劑防治上存在隱憂，值得開發抗性品種以輔助防疫。本計畫預定完成高雄145號多品系品種之育成，並以連鎖定位分析方式，持續尋找稻熱病及徒長病之抗性基因座，開發分子標誌，運用於分子抗性育種。本年度研究重點包括：(1) 針對「IRBLs × 高雄145」之3組BC3F6與BC3F7進行高級產量比較試驗及病圃抗性評估；6組BC3F5與BC3F6進行初級產量比較試驗及病圃抗性評估；1組BC3F4與BC3F5、1組BC4F4 與BC4F5進行初級產量比較試驗與病圃抗性評估，並進行背景基因型檢定。為強化品系之抗性程度與持久性，將由帶有Pikh、Pi9、Pita2之高雄145單基因品系，相互雜交，再針對F2子代進行前景基因型篩選，選取兩 R genes為同型合子植株進一步自交，以建立雙基因堆疊之品系；(2) 針對良質米臺農84號之抗病基因座 Pita/Pita-2 ，於候選區間內新設計多對primers，利用「臺農84號×臺南11號」F2:5子代以連鎖分析進行精細定位。(3) 以不同生理小種之稻熱病菌菌株，分析11個臺農82號誘變系之抗性幅度；針對臺農82號誘變系WM1370上候選抗病基因，利用「CO 39 x WM1370」F2:3族群進行連鎖分析。(4) 針對以Budda及IR78581-12-3-2-2為抗病親本，台&#31241;16及台農71為感病親本所建立之F8雜交族群，選取抗病品系進行初級產量比較試驗，並以不同徒長病菌菌株接種以瞭解其抗性幅度；針對「台&#31241;16 x Budda」F8族群，以GBS (Genotyping By Sequencing) or RAD-seq (Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing) 進行連鎖分析，確認Budda上徒長病抗性來源；利用分子標誌檢測商業品種帶有之抗性資源。<br> Abstract: Breeding and deployment of resistance varieties, one of the most economical, effective, and eco-friendly way to control diseases and insect pests, is the foundation for producing high-quality and safe agricultural products. Rice blast pathogen can infect rice plants at all growth stages, causing severe economic damage all around the world. To cope with the fast-evolving Magnaporthe oryzae population in the field, it is important to characterize the resistance genes in existing cultivars, increase genetic diversity of resistance, and put continuous efforts in the development of new resistance varieties. In recent years, increased incidence of rice bakanae disease and the emergence of fungicide-resistant Fusarium fujikuroi isolates have been reported in Taiwan and other countries. Since seed treatment and chemical control may be ineffective, use of newly developed resistance varieties is an alternative way for bakanae disease control. This study aims to breed a set of multiline varieties from Kaohsiung 145, discover loci for resistance to rice blast and bakanae disease using linkage analysis, and develop closely-linked markers applicable for molecular breeding.This year we plan to focus on: (1) For the progeny derived from various cross combinations of “IRBL x Kaohsiung 145”, 3 sets of BC3F6 and BC3F7 will be evaluated in advanced yield test and blast nursery test; 6 sets of BC3F5 and BC3F6 will be evaluated in primary yield test and blast nursery test; A set of BC3F4/BC3F5 and a set of BC4F4/BC4F5 will be evaluated in primary yield test and blast nursery test, and checked for genetic backgrounds. To increase the level and durability of the resistance, the monogenic Kaohsiung 145 lines containing Pish, Pi9 , and Pita2 will be crossed. The F2 populations will be tested with R gene markers and the lines homozygous for both R genes will be selfed to generate pyramiding lines. (2) To fine-map the major resistance locus of the high-quality rice cultivar Tainung 84, markers spanning the candidate Pita/Pita-2 region will be developed and used for linkage analysis of the “Tainung 84 x Tainan 11” F2:5 population. (3) The resistance spectrum of 11 blast-resistant Tainung 82 mutant lines will be analyzed by inoculation with different races of M. oryzae . To reveal the resistance resource of WM1370, a blast-resistant Tainung 82 mutant, linkage analysis will be conducted by using the F2:3 population of “CO 39 x WM1370”. (4) The F8 populations from the cross of resistant donor (Budda and IR78581-12-3-2-244) and susceptible donor (Taikeng 16 and Tainung 71) will be developed and screened for bakanae-resistant progeny. The selected resistant lines will be evaluated in primary yield test and inoculated with different F. fujikuroi isolates to understand the resistance spectrum. To identify the loci controlling bakanae resistance in the highly resistant cultivar Budda, the F8 population of “Taikeng16 x Budda” will be developed and used for linkage analysis based on GBS (Genotyping By Sequencing) or RAD-seq (Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing). Markers associated with bakanae resistance will be used to uncover the resistance resource in commercial rice cultivars.水稻稻熱病稻熱病菌徒長病徒長病菌分子育種疊氮化鈉ricerice blast diseaseMagnaporthe oryzaebakanae diseaseFusarium fujikuroimolecular breedingsodium azide