Chen Y.-W.JIANN-SHING JENGHON-MAN LIUYip P.-K.Hwang B.-S.Lin W.-H.Chang Y.-C.YONG-KWANG TU2021-12-222021-12-2219963015629https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030442989&doi=10.1016%2fS0301-5629%2896%2900152-4&partnerID=40&md5=50fc605bd843919d286b2579f3545ca9https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/590626To investigate the suitability of extracranial carotid duplex (ECD) and transcranial color Doppler imaging (TCDI) in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment in patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF), combined ECD and TCDI examinations were studied in seven patients with traumatic CCF. According to angiography, four patients had direct CCF, two indirect CCF and one both direct and indirect CCF. In ECD, hemodynamic parameters of the feeding artery showed an abnormally increased flow volume and decreased resistivity indices in five direct CCFs from the internal carotid artery and one indirect CCF from the external carotid artery. Direct visualization of the CCF was achieved in patients with direct CCF only, and revealed itself as a heterogeneous mosaic flash resulting from high flow velocities and turbulence. Patterns of venous drainage were detected via the transorbital and transforaminal windows in seven and five patients (four direct and one indirect CCF patients), respectively. These abnormal findings were improved or even normalized after successful treatment. In conclusion, combined ECD and TCDI examinations appear to be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of CCF.To investigate the suitability of extracranial carotid duplex (ECD) and transcranial color Doppler imaging (TCDI) in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment in patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF), combined ECD and TCDI examinations were studied in seven patients with traumatic CCF. According to angiography, four patients had direct CCF, two indirect CCF and one both direct and indirect CCF. In ECD, hemodynamic parameters of the feeding artery showed an abnormally increased flow volume and decreased resistivity indices in five direct CCFs from the internal carotid artery and one indirect CCF from the external carotid artery. Direct visualization of the CCF was achieved in patients with direct CCF only, and revealed itself as a heterogeneous mosaic flash resulting from high flow velocities and turbulence. Patterns of venous drainage were detected via the transorbital and transforaminal windows in seven and five patients (four direct and one indirect CCF patients), respectively. These abnormal findings were improved or even normalized after successful treatment. In conclusion, combined ECD and TCDI examinations appear to be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of CCF.[SDGs]SDG3Blood vessels; Color image processing; Doppler effect; Electric conductivity of liquids; Flow visualization; Hemodynamics; Medical imaging; Carotid cavernous fistulas; Carotid duplex sonography; Transcranial color Doppler imaging; Ultrasonic imaging; adult; article; carotid cavernous fistula; clinical article; color ultrasound flowmetry; diagnostic imaging; disease course; echography; female; follow up; head injury; hemodynamics; human; male; priority journal; traffic accident; Adult; Arteriovenous Fistula; Blood Flow Velocity; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cavernous Sinus; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranialjournal article10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00152-491236392-s2.0-0030442989