2009-11-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/701090摘要：子計畫(1)疏伐木製造木構造建築牆體與地板之可行性與減碳效益評估(國立台灣大學) 本研究計畫擬分三年進行，第一年研發將疏伐木製造成集成材、單板層積材、製材品等，就其物理與力學性質進行研究，再供作為複合牆體與地板之框架材，進行製造成木構造建築牆體與地板之可行性評估，探討不同材料組成對減碳之效益。第二年為利用第一年度所研發之複合牆體與地板進行熱貫流抵抗試驗，試驗體放置在兩座可控制溫濕度的Chamber 之間，依台灣地區春、夏、秋、冬之氣候條件的溫濕度作為室外條件，但以人們最舒適之生活溫濕度條件作為室內環境條件，以探討複合牆體與地板之熱貫流抵抗(熱貫流率)，究明其節能效率，進而換算成碳排放量，並瞭解固碳與減碳之效果。第三年則延續第二年之試驗，加入探討不同之室內環境條件(主要以台灣北、中、南、東室內環境條件區分)，以探討複合牆體與地板之熱貫流抵抗(熱貫流率)，究明不同室內環境條件下之節能減碳效 益。另以混凝土牆體、石膏板、氧化鎂板、矽酸鈣板等嵌板製成之複合牆體或複合天花板作為比較，則可知因以木質複合牆體與地板(天花板)取代其他材料所得之節能、減碳效率。 子計畫(2)不同木質構造建築工法及材質改良對減碳效益之評估(國立屏東科技大學) 本研究計畫擬分三年進行，第一年調查分析國內木質構造建築之工法與結構材料運用及耐久性，探討台灣地區不同結構之木構造建築對減碳之效益。研發適用於本土性木質構造建築之高性能阻燃劑與防腐藥劑之配方，探討其相關性能之測定，並評估各藥劑處理材對減碳之效益。第二年為利用第一年度所研發之高效能阻燃與防腐劑最適配方，應用於三種主要國產造林疏伐木之耐燃與防腐工程化處理，以探討其防腐及阻燃性能及對減碳效益評估，建立使用壽命及發生概率之可信賴分析模式。第三年則探討利用高效能阻燃劑與防腐劑處理之改良造林疏伐木所建築之不同型式之結構系統或工法之結構強度分析，探討處理對材質及金屬扣件接合之影響，並進行實大尺寸之耐防火時效及耐久性之評估，並推導其生命週期計算減碳之效益。 子計畫(3)人工林造林木應用於室內裝修對節能減碳效益之評估(國立宜蘭大學) 木質材料為碳素貯存庫，同時具有加工消耗能源低、二氧化碳排放量少等優點，為一符合室內健康指標的綠建材之ㄧ，推廣造林木製品作為室內裝修材料符合全球資源永續發展之潮流。本研究計畫目標為探討以人工林造林木所製造之木質材料應用於室內裝修時，從新型材料研發及材料熱傳導、熱貫流、透濕性、空間溫溼度變異性與各階段能源消耗調查等評估其對節能減碳之效益，進一步依功能需求制定不同等級室內裝修用木質材料生產與施工標準作業程序，並技術轉移至產業界，提昇疏伐材之有效利用並達到實質節能減碳之目標。第一年計畫探討造林木製品及各種木質材料在定常與非定常溫濕度差異下，熱傳遞與水分傳遞性能之分析評估，由這些參數並配合ANSYS 有限元素模擬分析評估各不同木質材料對空間溫濕度及內焓之影響，作為後續複合壁體組合之參考。第二年計畫探討木質內裝複合壁體之隔熱效應與節能效益，由材料內與對流情形下之熱傳遞與水分傳遞特性並依木質複合壁體之各層溫度、水分、相對濕度分佈及結露與否等試驗結果，制定適用於各不同地區下之不同節能等級的木質複合壁體組合型式。第三年計畫實際比較有無內裝木質裝修材料時之室內溫濕度與空調耗能差異性，並由建築耗能指標ENVLOAD分析結果，完成節能目標可達10%、20%、30%三種等級區分之木質裝修複合壁體製程之可靠性評估。 子計畫(4)木質材料加工與保存對減碳效益之評估(國立嘉義大學) 工業化程度愈高、愈開發的國家，木材的用量及品質要求愈高。是以，自森林砍伐下來之木材，被送至工場進行加工，轉換為建築、住宅及家具製品，進而將碳素固定在製品內直至生命週期結束。這些加工過程包括製材、鉋削、鋸切、砂磨等作業，而依照其作業程度之差異，皆要消耗能源，此能源之消耗與碳排放具直接關係。再則，木材加工過程中必會產生相當大量之廢棄物如鉋屑、鋸屑、木塊及粉塵等等，一般工場皆以焚燒或傾倒掩埋的方式處理，此反而造成碳素排放之二次公害，也降低木質家具之碳固定之效益，相對地加速大氣溫室氣體濃度之上升。本研究擬以木質材料加工之觀點，首先分析各種機器加工之耗能與碳排放量之關係，進一步從機器減能，並分析製程或加工工法之改善法，進而模擬工廠量化生產木質家具之流程，探討不同種類家具製造過程中之耗能總量，並計算各種家具之碳固定量，以推估生產木質家具之減碳效益，進而將此模式實際應用於家具生產線上，進行工廠生產木質材料家具之耗能與減碳效益，二者互相驗證，期能找出簡易推估模式。最後對切屑、鉋花等加工廢棄物進行再利用，嘗試將廢棄物直接壓製成板或混合其他材料製板，做為牆壁或天花板之內部隔熱材，及製造生物燃料磚，以延緩碳素釋放至大氣中，並評估其節能減碳之效益。 子計畫(6)回收木質塑膠複合材料於建築節能減碳效益之評估(國立中興大學) 本計畫將自工廠回收之木鋸屑與回收塑膠予以分類，並經混煉、造粒、成型等步驟，進行木材塑膠複合板材之研製，塑膠種類區分為高密度聚乙烯(High Degree Polyethylene, HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(Polyethylene, PE) 、聚丙烯(Polypropylene, PP) 與丙烯&#33096;、丁二烯、苯乙烯共聚物(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, ABS)四種，混煉期間加入各式添加劑，製成平板狀結構之木材塑膠複合板材，並對其基本性質、強度、收縮膨脹率、潛變與劣化特性以及製板過程所消耗之能源與二氧化碳等特性加以探討。 本計畫規劃進行三年期研究，第一年(2009.11.01-2010.10.31)為「木材塑膠再生複合材之製程與基本性質之探討」，探討不同木料與塑膠之組成、配比與添加劑對於木材塑膠複合板材之基本物理與機械性質之影響，並究明各類塑膠與木材組成之最適條件，以及其對生命週期之延長與減碳之效益。第二年(2010.11.01-2011.10.31)為「木材塑膠再生複合材之熱特性、潛變特性與劣化特性之研究」，選擇之第一年中各種再生塑膠與木材之最適配比條件，進行木材塑膠再生複合材熱特性、潛變特性與劣化特性之研究。第三年(2011.11.01-2012.10.31)為「木材塑膠再生複合材應用於建築隔熱節能之效益評估」，利用第一年所研發之最適條件木塑複合材，以架高平鋪法鋪設於試驗屋頂，並於試驗屋內外進行溫濕度之量測，與對照組（屋頂未進行木塑複合材鋪設之房屋）相比較；此外，在進行空調設備控溫之條件下，量測試驗屋與對照屋所消耗之電能，進行二氧化碳排放之估算，以究明木塑複合板材之鋪設對於建築物節能減碳之效益。本計畫期能透過回收木材塑膠複合板材之研製，一方面使木質廢棄物之生命週期延長，另一方面，藉由木材塑膠複合板材之特性，應用於都市叢林的屋頂結構，期能達到隔熱、減碳與省能源之效益。 <br> Abstract: Evaluation of the feasibility and carbon reduction beneficiary for various wood-framed walls andfloors made from thinned woods The project is a 3-yr term research works. The first year is scheduled to investigate the physical andmechanical properties of glulam, LVL, and sawn lumber made from thinned woods. The glulam, LVL, and sawn lumber would be used for the wood-framed wall and floor. The feasibility and carbon reduction beneficiary for various wood-framed walls and floors made from thinned woods will be evaluated. In the second year, the developed wood-framed wall and floor made from thinned woods will be used for thermal-resistant experiments. The investigation on the energy saving and carbon reduction efficiency for various wood-framed walls and floors made from thinned woods will be performed. In the third year, the energy saving and carbon reduction efficiency for various types of wall and floor (made from thinned woods and inorganic materials) will be compaired. Evaluation on Beneficiary of Carbon Reduction for Various Wood-framed Constructions and Material Quality Improvement The project is a 3-yr term research works. The first year is scheduled to survey the wood-framed housing constructions and analyze the utilization and durability of wood structural materials in Taiwan region. Profits in carbon reduction from different construction types will be covered. Also, the specification of the high-performance fire retardants and preservatives will be developed to fit the purpose of domestic wooden residential houses. The performance of developed chemicals will be identified and the profits of carbon reduction from the treated lumber products will be evaluated. In the second year, it will select the most adequate specification of fire retardants and preservatives from the results in the first year and apply to three major domestic plantation species. The investigation on the fire retardation and durability for structural wood members will be performed and for the evaluation on the efficiency of carbon reduction. The service life of treated wood and the reliability model based on the occurrence probability will be developed. In the third year, various types of wood structural systems or construction approaches will be designed using domestic plantation lumbers which are treated with high-performance fire retardants or preservatives. The effect of chemicals and fasteners on the structural performance of engineered wood system will be investigated, and fire retardation and durability of developed structural wood systems will be tested, and used to derive the efficiency of carbon reduction based on the improved life cycles. Evaluation on Beneficiary of Carbon and Energy Consumption Reduction for Interior Decorative Materials Made of Plantation Wood There are some advantages in environmental protection and performances of wood-based materials in comparison to the other building materials according to their low energy consumptions and lesser carbon dioxide emission during the manufacture stage of wood products. From the life cycle assessment of various materials, wood-based material is regarded as the pool of carbon and a green building material. Promoting the effective utilizations of wood products from man-made forestry on the interior decoration of building could meet the issue on the sustainable development of global forest resources. The objective of this project is to evaluate the beneficiary of carbon and energy reduction for interior decorative materials made from plantation wood and common used wood-based materials in the market. The beneficiary of carbon and energy reduction for interior decorative materials would be evaluated according the thermal conductivities, over-all heat transfer coefficients and moisture transfer performances, variations of room temperature and relative humidity, and survey of energy consumptions in this study. Moreover, in order to achieve the practical object on carbon and energy reduction and to promote the effective utilizations of plantation wood, different types of wood-based wall constructions suitable for various locations and their standard operation procedures will be addressed. The first year: Evaluations on thermal physics properties and moisture transfer performances of wood-based materials used for interior decorations. Couple heat and moisture transfer phenomena for various kinds of wooden materials under steady and non-steady conditions are investigated in this first year study. The effects of wooden materials on the temperature, relative humidity, and enthalpy in the air space would be evaluated with respect to these parameters and ANSYS finite element method. The second year: Evaluations on thermal insulation and saving efficiencies of energy consumption for wood-based composite walls used for interior decorations. The purpose of the second year study is to evaluate the thermal insulation and saving efficiencies of energy consumption for wood-based composite walls used for interior decorations. The optimal wooden composite wall constructions for energy reduction targets at various locations in Taiwan will be presented according to the convective heat- and moisture-transfer coefficients of test specimens, distributions of temperature and moisture at each layer of composite wall, and condensation problems in the decoration wall structure. The third year: Evaluations on beneficiary of carbon and energy consumption reduction for application of wood-based interior decoration. The distributions of wall temperatures, room temperature and relative humidity at various locations, and air-conditioned energy consumption of building decorated with wooden composite walls and those of control building are investigated in this study. Three grades of wooden interior wall constructions for 10%, 20%, and 30% energy saving efficiency and their manufacture process will be proposed according to the index envelope load (ENVLOAD). Evaluation on Beneficiary of Carbon Reduction for Various Wood Machining and Preservation The required quantity and quality of wooden products is critical for the highly industrial and developed country. Log always is harvested from forest and sawed into lumbers for various end-use materials for construction, interior decoration and furniture. In these processes, carbon is stored in these wooden products until they are burned or buried. The processes mentioned included sawmill, planning, sawing, sanding and so on all consume energy. The energy consumption is directly related to the carbon emission. Furthermore, wood machining produces mass residues and wastes such as shaving, sawdust, short wooden block and dust which were usually burned or buried. Thus, it is not only cause the second pollution of carbon emission but also decrease the effectiveness of carbon storage. The burning or burial of wood resides and wastes could speed up the concentration of carbon in global. The purposes of this study are to investigate the relationship between energy consumption and quantity of carbon emission in machining wood-based materials and to decrease the energy consumption during machining wood-based materials by analyzing the power factor of motor and processing engineering. According to these investigation and analysis, attempts will be tried to simulate the procedure of mass-production of wooden furniture and to explore the total energy consumption during manufacturing wooden furniture. The amount of carbon emission and carbon storage could then be calculated based on the consumptive electrical power. Then, the computational model will be applied to wooden furniture production line in factory to estimate the total energy consumption and the effectiveness of carbon reduction. Finally, this study will study the feasibilities to use the wood processing residues and wastes by making binder-less insulation panel for interior use, and by manufacturing briquette for fuel. The effectiveness of carbon reduction will also be evaluated. The Evaluation of Energy Saving and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Efficiency of Architecture by Using Recycled Wood-Plastic Composites This project is to recycle the wood and plastic wastes to manufacture the wood-plastic composites (WPC). Four types of recycled plastic include High Degree Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Degree Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) were used as matrix in this project. The physical, mechanical, creep, and weathering properties of recycled wood-plastic composites wereinvestigated. This is a three-year research project. In the first year (2009.11.01 ～2010.10.31), “Evaluation of the thermal insulation and energy saving efficiency of architecture using recycled wood-plastic composites.” We will study the conditioning effect of temperature and relative humidity of architecture. In addition, the energy saving efficiency of architecture is also investigated. To summarize, this research project is to establish a new processing of recycled WPC to extend wood and plastic waste products lifecycle. Furthermore, application of recycled WPC on the housetop to reach thermal insulation, energy saving, and carbon dioxide reduction efficiency is our expectation.疏伐木木質牆體減碳熱貫流抵抗節能柳杉阻燃木材保存木結構造林木木質裝修材料熱傳遞水分傳遞空調耗能節能減碳效益耗能碳素排放量碳貯存量家具木質材料HDPE 高密度乙烯Thinned woodWood-framed wallCarbon reductionThermal resistanceEnergy savingJapanese cedarCarbon reductionFire retardationWood preservationWood-framed structurePlantation woodWooden decoration materialsHeat transferMoisture transferEnergy con