2018-08-012024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/665600摘要：香蕉是很重要的水果, 也是數百萬人的主要糧食. 然而, 由於受到病原真菌 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense 的影響, 香蕉目前正步向絕種. 雖然對抗病原最有效的一個方法是找出 野生香蕉內的抗病性自然變異, 商業香蕉品系的兩個主要親源種 (尖蕉 Musa accuminata 和拔蕉 M. balbisiana) 都沒有抗病能力. 研究發現, 台灣的野生香蕉 (台灣芭蕉 Musa itinerans var. formosana) 對病源及寒害皆有較高的抵抗力, 因此是未來香蕉品種改良的重要種源之一. 這裡我 們預計研究台灣芭蕉的生殖模式以及基因體自然變異在台灣的分佈模式, 為未來對控制重要性狀的基因進行遺傳定位之研究奠定基礎. 我們預計: (1) 測量台灣芭蕉的自花授粉率以及遺傳變異在 族群間, 族群內的不同區塊間, 以及區塊內不同植株間的分佈比例. (2) 用基因體資訊探究族群動 態及歷史. (3) 找出基因體內與環境梯度因子高度相關的位點. (4) 研究可能控制棲地適應的重要 基因之 DNA 序列, 基因表現, 及可能的功能. 本研究的結果不只能回答台灣物種演化上一個重要 的問題 (為什麼許多物種在台灣都是呈現東部與西部間的分化), 也可以為未來香蕉品種改良提供 堅實的基礎.<br> Abstract: Banana is an important fruit and staple food for millions of people and is under threat of extinction due to infection by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. While one of the most effective ways to combat pathogens is to identify natural variation for pathogen resistance, unfortunately the two common parental species of commercial banana, Musa accuminata and M. balbisiana, are susceptible. The wild banana, Musa itinerans, is reported to be more resistant to pathogens and more tolerant to cold, providing promising genetic materials for future cultivar improvement. Here we propose to investigate its breeding system and genome-wide patterns of natural genetic variation in Taiwan, providing the crucial step towards genetic mapping for loci controlling important traits. Using a combination of different techniques and sampling strategies, here we propose to: (1) estimate the inbreeding frequency and distribution of genetic variation among populations, among patches within populations, and among banana trees within patches; (2) investigate its population history and demography through genomic data; (3) identify loci associated with environmental gradients; and (4) characterize DNA sequences, expression patterns, and possible functions of promising candidate genes responsible for local adaptation. The results can answer fundamental evolutionary questions of species distribution in Taiwan (why are many species in Taiwan have east-west patterns of genetic differentiation) as well as providing important basis for future efforts to save banana from extinction.香蕉族群遺傳基因體學bananapopulation geneticsgenomics