2015-01-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/697579摘要:德國民法學家Jhering早在一百五十年前就指出法律繼受是世界各國普遍的現象:「外國法律繼受的問題,並不是民族性的問題,而是單純合目的性與需求的問題。沒有人會從遠方迎取自己家裏既有的,甚至更好的東西,但只有傻瓜才會拒絕可以治瘧疾的奎寧樹皮,只因它不是生長在自己的土地上」,法哲學家Gerhart Husserl在其代表作「法律與時間」一書中並曾經對法律繼受的移植過程作過深刻描繪。他說:「法律繼受是一種將法律理念從受到時間與空間制約的現實泥土中,連根拔起的移植過程。將法律理念從一個生活環境移植到另一個生活環境的經過,是一種『去時間化』(Entzeitung)的過程。被繼受的法律理念將會在這個過程中褪去其原始的外衣型態,而經歷一種『意義變遷』(Sinneswandel),並且被還原成為一種『意義核心』(Sinneskern)。這種在法律『去時間化』的過程裡所剩餘的『意義核心』,就是許多法律理念在綜合繼受後所構成繼受國法秩序的概念架構。」 台灣民法從西元1929至1930年公布施行以來,迄去(2010)年慶祝施行八十年,期間歷經債法、物權法甚至親屬與繼承法的多次修正,已經從民初歐陸法制的全盤理論繼受,歷經法院實務超過一甲子的運作,逐漸還原出屬於台灣本土民法的意義核心,而這當中又受到東亞各國間民法理論與實務的往來互動,而產生相互循環繼受的現象。因此,本研究計畫乃希望探尋東亞各國(主要包括台灣、日本、韓國、中國、香港、新加坡等)對於歐陸民法的理論繼受在法院的實踐過程(例如日本、韓國、中國大陸民法對於德、法、瑞士等歐陸國家的繼受),甚至東亞各國彼此間民法理論之繼受與實踐(例如我國繼受日本,甚至最近物權法某些理念繼受韓國,中國侵權行為法繼受日本與台灣民法等)過程中,出現的「去時間化的意義變遷」。特別著重在觀察東亞各國繼受之民法理論與固有法制間的異同,以及東亞法院如何進行融合與續造,承擔法律的社會規制責任,進而發展出屬於該國本土特色的繼受成果,藉以探求東亞區域民法的差異及整合或統合的可能性。 以上開東亞各國的民法理論繼受與法院的實踐研究為經,本研究計畫擬聚焦於東亞民法中以下主要問題重點為緯,包括:東亞民事法院的判例制度、東亞民事法院的法官造法理論、誠信原則或禁反言原則如何貫穿適用在民事案例中、時效制度在民事權利行使中扮演之角色、契約法制與侵權法制的互動關係如何規制社會生活的民事關係、契約自由與非典型契約關係如何透過民事法院加以管制、物權法定原則的變遷發展等等議題,作為觀察的主要對象。希望藉由民法理論與制度之核心議題在東亞各國發展狀態之比較分析,除了闡釋法律繼受之過去與現在外,更期待從東亞區域整合的角度與觀點,提供東亞民法共通的基本原則與法制素材作為理想類型,以及東亞民法統合發展的基本方向。 <br> Abstract: Since 1929 to 1930 Taiwan`s civil law was carried out and even in 2010 we have celebrated its execution for 80 years. Our civil law during this period has been modified several times. Meanwhile it has got rid of the spirit of european continental legal system and after sixty years in the court`s practical operation returns to its original significant core of the traditional law. Therefore, this research hoped that through inquiring the Civil codes of various countries in East-Asian (mainly including Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore etc.) to follow practical process regarding to the reception of the European law and its theory in the civil courts (e.g. Japanese, South Korean, mainland China civil law regarding European land countries and so on Germany, France, Switzerland following receive), and even the practical execution in various countries in East Asian (e.g. our country receives Japanese law as well as the property law of South Korea with the practice, and China`s Torts receives Japanese and Taiwanese civil law and so on) to find out “the changing meaning of the Entzeitung”. This research of the project also plans to focus on the main issues of the civil law in the East-Asian, including: The Civil court`s legal precedent system in the East-Asian, the theory of the judge-make law in East-Asian Civil courts, the application of the principle of bona fide, the interaction of the contract system and the torts in order to regulate the social civil relationships, the legal control of the freedom of the contracts and the non classical types of the contract and so on subjects to takes an observation on its status quo. Following the comparative analysis in the East-Asian law to provide the basic ideas and directions to integrate the laws in the East-Asia.東亞法院法律繼受法官造法契約自由侵權行為Court of East-AsianLegal Receptionjudge-made LawFreedom of ContractTorts優勢重點領域拔尖計畫【子計畫5-東亞民法的理論繼受與法院實踐】