2019-03-012024-05-14https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/657931摘要：農糧署105年度統計資料顯示，臺東地區洛神葵栽種面積達103公頃(約占全臺6成 )，產量130公噸，產值約1500萬，根據臺東區農業改良場田間病害調查發現，萎凋 病害普遍發生，部分田區發病率達九成以上，造成農友巨大損失 。檢視萎凋病株之 莖基部呈褐化、輕微縊縮，並產生白色氣生菌絲，表面可觀察到 鐮孢菌( Fusarium )之大、小分生孢子，切開莖基部可發現維管束褐化情形。挖起病株可觀察到部分根 系呈現黑褐色腐敗現象。本病害過去普遍認為主要是由疫病菌( Phytophthora )所造 成，腐敗之根部亦可分離到 Phytophthora nicotianae ，且植物保護資訊系統亦有針 對洛神葵疫病之推薦藥劑。 然而，4篇國外文獻報導發現洛神葵萎凋病主要由尖鐮 孢菌( F. oxysporum )引起。本研究第一年探討臺東地區洛神葵萎凋病之主要病因 與應用非化學農藥防治方法。採集臺東市、卑南 鄉、關山鎮、東河鄉與大武鄉等地 區8個洛神葵田區之病株，進行病原菌之分離與鑑 定，共分離得到63株真菌或卵菌 等，經由ITS初步菌種鑑定，結果為 F. solani (40%, 25/63)、 P. nicotianae (21%, 13/63), F. equiseti (9%, 6/63), F. oxysporum &#160;(6%, 4/63), F. acuminatum (1%, 1/63), Fusarium sp. (1%, 1/63)與其他(21%, 13/63)。初步洛 神葵接種試驗發現 F. oxysporum 與 P. nicotianae 可造成葉片黃化下垂或莖基部隘縮 病徵。今年計畫將持續進行鐮孢菌與疫病菌之接種以進行柯霍氏法則驗證。此外 ，同時探討5株芽孢桿菌(Ba01, PMB01, Ba-BPD1, CL3與KHY8)與1株鏈黴菌 (KHY11)對鐮孢菌及疫病菌之拮抗能力與防治洛神葵萎凋病能力之分析。洛神花屬機 能性養生產品，開發非化學農藥病害防治資材，將對產業發展有重要貢獻。<br> Abstract: According to the report of Agriculture and Food Agency in 2016, the planting area of roselle is about 103 hectares in Taitung (~60% of Taiwan). The production capacity and output value are 130 tons and 15 million in Taitung county. Based on the field disease investigation of Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, roselle - 14 TS2019031316525221628 108/03/13 16:52:52 wilt diseases were common and the disease incidence was over 90% in some fields, causing enormous economic losses for farmers. The stem base of roselle wilt plants were brown, constricted and produced white aerial hyphae on the stem surface and typical macroconidia and microconidia of Fusarium can be observed. When the diseased plants dugged up, we can find the root with black root rot. This disease was previously thought to mainly caused by Phytophthora in Taiwan, and we can also isolate P. nicotianae from the black root rot. However, four literature reports from other countries showed that roselle wilt diseases were mainly caused by F. oxysporum . Our studies investigate the causing agent of the roselle wilt disease in Taitung area and apply non-chemical control strategy for the disease management. A total of 63 isolates were collected from Taitung area and identified by sequencing ITS regions. These isolates were divided into Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., including F. solani (40%, 25/63), P. nicotianae (21%, 13/63), F. equiseti (9%, 6/63), F. oxysporum (6%, 4/63), F. acuminatum (1%, 1/63), Fusarium sp. (1%, 1/63) and others (21%, 13/63). We currently found that F. oxysporum and P. nicotianae can cause leaf yellowing, dropping, or stem constricted with brown rot&#160;symptoms. The pathogenicity of these isolates are currently tested with Koch`s postulates on the roselle. Meanwhile, we will test biocontrol activity of 5 Bacillus spp. (Ba01, PMB01, Ba-BPD1, CL3, KHY8) and a Streptomyces sp. KHY11 against Fusarium or Phytophthora infections on roselle. These experiments will help to develop roselle as one of functional foods, and make a great contribution to the industry.洛神葵萎凋病鐮孢菌疫病菌生物防治RoselleWiltFusariumPhytophthoraBiocontrol