Yu, Kuang-HuiKuang-HuiYuChen, Hsin-HuaHsin-HuaChenCheng, Tien-TsaiTien-TsaiChengJan, Yeong-JianYeong-JianJanWeng, Meng-YuMeng-YuWengLin, Yeong-JangYeong-JangLinChen, Hung-AnHung-AnChenCheng, Jui-TsengJui-TsengChengHuang, Kuang-YungKuang-YungHuangKO-JEN LISu, Yu-JihYu-JihSuLeong, Pui-YingPui-YingLeongTsai, Wen-ChanWen-ChanTsaiLan, Joung-LiangJoung-LiangLanChen, Der-YuanDer-YuanChen2025-06-112025-06-112022-01-07https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/729973Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis (OP), and interstitial lung disease (ILD), are sub-optimally managed. RA-related comorbidities affect disease control and lead to impairment in quality of life. We aimed to develop consensus recommendations for managing RA-related comorbidities. The consensus statements were formulated based on emerging evidence during a face-to-face meeting of Taiwan rheumatology experts and modified through three-round Delphi exercises. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation of each statement were graded after a literature review, followed by voting for agreement. Through a review of English-language literature, we focused on the existing evidence of management of RA-related comorbidities. Based on experts' consensus, eleven recommendations were developed. CVD risk should be assessed in patients at RA diagnosis, once every 5 years, and at changes in DMARDs therapy. Considering the detrimental effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids on CVD risks, we recommend using the lowest possible dose of corticosteroids and prescribing NSAIDs cautiously. The OP/fragility fracture risk assessment includes dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fracture risk assessment (FRAX) in RA. The FRAX-based approach with intervention threshold is a useful strategy for managing OP. RA-ILD assessment includes risk factors, pulmonary function tests, HRCT imaging and a multidisciplinary decision approach to determine RA-ILD severity. A treat-to-target strategy would limit RA-related comorbidities. These consensus statements emphasize that adequate control of disease activity and the risk factors are needed for managing RA-related comorbidities, and may provide useful recommendations for rheumatologists on managing RA-related comorbidities.en[SDGs]SDG3review10.1097/MD.000000000002850135029907