2015-01-012024-05-16https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/668496摘要：字處於視覺擁擠(被干擾物包圍時)下無法識別，卻並不阻礙對其字義的處理 (Yeh, He, & Cavanagh,2012)。先前計劃探討視覺擁擠下的單字處理歷程，本計劃擬進一步探討視覺擁擠下的字詞是否可以無意識整合形成更高層的語義概念。本計劃包含三個系列研究，分別探討視覺擁擠下成語、算術、以及句子的無意識整合。研究一將呈現帶有合適/不合適尾字的四字成語，以探討個別在視覺擁擠情況下呈現的漢字能否整合為成語，並進而對尾字的作業產生語義促發效果。研究二檢驗擁擠呈現的字符能否進行基於規則的整合：實驗在視覺擁擠下呈現算術等式或不等式，作業為判斷等式的答案數字之奇偶性；若數字與符號可被整合，則使等式成立的答案的反應會比不等式更快。研究三探討擁擠呈現的字詞是否能整合成句子。實驗採用消費決策派典，受試根據所呈現的商品訊息作出購買決策。描述商品的句子中的關鍵字將呈現於視覺擁擠條件下。如受試能在該條件下作出正確抉擇，顯示擁擠呈現的關鍵字可被整合入句子中，從而提取句子中的商品訊息。實驗將採用行為、腦電波(或腦磁波)和腦功能造影技術探討相關神經機制，如獲明確結果，可瞭解字詞整合成高層語義結構的過程是否需要意識參與。這不僅有助於理解無意識語義處理的機制，且能進一步釐清意識的功能。<br> Abstract: Visual crowding – the inability to see an object when it is surrounded by flankers – does not block semanticactivation: we have shown previously that unrecognizable words due to visual crowding still generated robustsemantic priming effect in a subsequently presented target (Yeh, He, & Cavanagh, 2012). In our previousproject we explored the brain mechanisms of semantic processing of single words. The current project aimsto further explore whether multiple unrecognizable crowded words can be integrated to produce holisticmeaning at a higher level, i.e., phrase and sentence. Three studies are proposed here to investigate phrasal,rule-based and sentence integration, respectively. In Study 1, we will present to participants Chinesefour-word idioms with each word being crowded by flankers, with an appropriate or inappropriate endingword, in order to examine whether the crowded words can be integrated together to form a semantic contextso as to produce a priming effect on the responses made to the ending word. Study 2 will examine whetherthe rule-based integration will occur for crowded numbers and symbols, by presenting simple arithmeticequations with correct or incorrect answers to participants and asking them to judge whether the targetnumber is even or odd. We expect the response will be facilitated if the equation can be integrated andprocessed under visual crowding. Study 3 will examine the crowded sentence integration using a consumedecision paradigm; specifically, participants will make consume decision with the information of candidategoods, while the key words of the sentences which describe the goods will be crowded; if participants makeright purchase decisions, it is likely that the key word has been integrated into the sentence so thatinformation contained in the sentence can be extracted. In addition to behavioral measures, we plan to useelectroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and hopefullyMagnetoencephalography (MEG) techniques in these studies to investigate the related neural mechanism. Itis expected that with results and findings from these studies, we will reveal whether conscious awareness ofwords is necessary for integrating the separated words into a higher-level semantic unit. This is not onlyimportant for understanding the mechanism of semantic processing, but also helpful for clarifying thefunction of consciousness.視覺擁擠意識語義處理詞彙判斷Visual crowdingconsciousnesssemantic processinglexical decision