MENG-KUN TSAICHING-YAO YANGMING-SHIOU WUPO-HUANG LEE2019-12-042019-12-0420090391-3988https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70149109383&doi=10.1177%2f039139880903200508&partnerID=40&md5=7bfb712fa60ff7cef6bd77e2266d4db1https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/434631A safety issue has been noted in applying rituximab to renal transplant patients with HCV infection, as a hepatitis C virus (HCV) flare-up and lethal cholestatic hepatitis C occurred in a renal transplant patient treated with rituximab for lymphoproliferative disorder. As double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) and cyclosporine were reported to reduce hepatitis C viremia, we performed ABO-incompatible renal transplantation in two patients with positive HCV RNA by using rituximab, DFPP and cyclosporine-based immunosuppressant. The HCV RNA level was 3.3 × 105 IU/mL for Case 1 and 1.2 × 103 IU/mL for Case 2 before DFPP. After DFPP and renal transplantation, Case 1 had stable ALT levels and a transient decrease in HCV RNA to 7.9 × 104 IU/mL at 1 month followed by a gradual increase to 7.6 × 106 at 12 months, but Case 2 had a dramatic and persistent elevation of HCV RNA to 7.7 × 106 from 1 week to 12 months accompanied by elevated ALT levels. The serum creatinine levels were 1.5 mg/dL for Case 1 and 1.9 mg/dL for Case 2 at 12 months. Although cholestatic hepatitis C did not occur in our patients, who received rituximab for ABO-incompatible renal transplantation, the antiviral effect of cyclosporine and DFPP did not seem evident. ? Wichtig Editore, 2009.[SDGs]SDG3Patient monitoring; Patient treatment; RNA; ABO-incompatible renal transplantation; Anti-viral effects; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; Immunosuppressants; Renal transplantation; Renal transplants; Rituximab; Safety issues; Virus infection; Viruses; alanine aminotransferase; antivirus agent; creatinine; cyclosporin; lamivudine; methylprednisolone; mycophenolic acid 2 morpholinoethyl ester; rapamycin; rituximab; virus RNA; acute graft rejection; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; article; blood group ABO incompatibility; case report; cholestatic hepatitis; creatinine blood level; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; human; kidney disease; kidney graft rejection; kidney transplantation; male; nonhuman; plasmapheresis; viremiajournal article10.1177/039139880903200508195690402-s2.0-70149109383