2020-01-162024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/662232摘要：高粱是目前世界五大的穀類作物之一，以耐熱、耐旱聞名，環境適應性很廣，高粱的灌溉量約為玉米的1/5，約為水稻的1/10，尤其TCCIP氣候情境模擬在氣溫上升1.5°C 臨界值、農業可用水資源短少10% ，所以，推廣高粱能減緩因氣候變遷長期乾旱所造成的糧食短缺和水資源不足之問題。因此，早熟性高粱品系，因生育日數少，栽培使用之農業用水大幅降低，除了增加土地利用性，可與水稻輪作，本研究將與水稻臺農82號輪作，水旱田輪作可保留土壤地力，先期在西南部和高鐵沿線和地層下陷農業地區進行高級試驗，推廣適合之品系。將採取搭配次世代定序的高通量SNP資料進行QTL-seq，獲得與早抽穗的SNP用於分子標誌輔助選育，並以自動化、高通量的分子標誌輔助選育，可提升高粱育種達30%之多。此早熟性糯性高粱V9 (貢獻親) 與美國德州高產優良品種BTx623 (輪迴親) 雜交，於兩年內獲得BC3F2，於第三年獲得穩定的品系BC3F5，第四年在不同的區域進行高級試驗、評估，此計畫預計選育高粱新品系2-3個。為了達到高粱與水稻之水旱田輪作制度之建立，本研究將以臺農82號與高粱輪作，水稻臺農82號為材料，透過三種水份管理模式進行節水管理操作，計畫前兩年建立與糯性高粱稔性恢復 R 品系的輪作方式，第三年在嘉義分所溪口農場進行一期作水稻及二期作高粱的大面積(0.13公頃) 的節水栽培操作測試，第四年則是以耐旱水稻臺農83號、早熟糯性高粱新品系於臺南縣、嘉義縣及雲林縣等容易發缺水之地區進行一期作水稻及二期作高粱的大面積節水栽培操作示範。本研究計畫將培育3個碩士人才，將研究成果發表至期刊論文共3篇，其中含1篇SCI論文。另外，建立高粱栽培技術，與水稻臺農82號輪作，基此，降低灌溉需水量10%~30%；推廣耐旱、耐高溫早熟性高粱新品系之栽培面積達2公頃；此適於釀製高粱酒的糯性高粱品系可以增加高粱產值及面積，提升高粱進口替代，可以提升糧食自給率。<br> Abstract: Sorghum, one of the major 5 cereal crops in the world, is known as its heat and drought tolerance and adapts diverse environments. The - 22 - irrigation water for sorghum is about 1/5 for maize and 1/10 for rice. The promotion of sorghum can mitigate food shortage and insufficient water resulted by prone climate change, specific in temperature increasing to threshold of 1.5°C and 10% reduction of water for agriculture. Thus, breeding new sorghum lines of short-growth period and high-yield can improve land utilization and crop rotation with the new rice variety with rice (ssp. japonica cv Tainung 8 TNG82), leading to preserve soil fertility. We will adopt a next-generation sequence technology to obtain high throughput SNP genotypes by genotype by synthesis (GBS). The SNPs will be applied to QTL-seq to map QTLs conferring maturity, and those SNPs closely linked to early maturity will applied to marker-assisted selection to breed new sorghum lines of high yield and waxy endosperm. The platform of sorghum marker assisted backcross breeding will increase 30% of selection efficiency more than traditional phenotypic selection. V9, the donor parent contributing early maturity and waxy endosperm, will be crossed to BTx623, the recurrent parent which is the elite variety introduced from Texas, U.S.A. We expect to obtain BC3F2 individuals possessing waxy endosperm and early maturity in the second year and stable BC3F5 lines in the third year. In the forth year, the stable sorghum lines will be tested in several areas to field xperiments and evaluated for registering new sorghum varieties, which 2-3 new sorghum lines will be expected . TNG 82 will be used for establishing crop rotation system. In the first two years, three different levels of watersaving cultivation practice will be applied to TNG82 and sorghum R line with waxy endosperm. In the third year, the system will be implemented as cultivating rice at the first crop season and sorghum at the econd season for 0.13 hectare at the Xikuo Farm, Chiayi Agricultural Experimental Branch. In the fourth year, crop rotation practices of TNG82 with new waxy sorghum lines with early mature will be extended to Tainan, Chiayi, and Yulin areas with irrigation deficiency. The achievements of this project are expected: 3 master students, 3 scientific articles including 1 SCI paper, 1 sorghum cultivation practice protocol for sorghum industry, and 1 rotation practice protocol of ricesorghum as well. It is anticipated that promotion of crop rotation of TNG82 with the new sorghum lines of heat tolerance, drought tolerance, early maturity and waxy will reduce10~30% of irrigation water and increase cultivation areas up to 2 hectares, leading to increase sorghum cultivation areas and production and alternation of imported sorghum.高粱早熟分子輔助育種節水管理水旱田輪作Sorghumearly maturitymarker-assisted breedingwater-saving practicecrop rotation