CHE-JUI CHANGJEAN-FU KIANG2021-09-022021-09-02202114248220https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099522762&doi=10.3390%2fs21020586&partnerID=40&md5=67aa8c8b198d0c881150a2d814c684bfhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/580950Strong flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), launched from d-sunspots, are the most catastrophic energy-releasing events in the solar system. The formations of d-sunspots and relevant polarity inversion lines (PILs) are crucial for the understanding of flare eruptions and CMEs. In this work, the kink-stable, spot-spot-type d-sunspots induced by flux emergence are simulated, under different subphotospheric initial conditions of magnetic field strength, radius, twist, and depth. The time evolution of various plasma variables of the d-sunspots are simulated and compared with the observation data, including magnetic bipolar structures, relevant PILs, and temperature. The simulation results show that magnetic polarities display switchbacks at a certain stage and then split into numerous fragments. The simulated fragmentation phenomenon in some d-sunspots may provide leads for future observations in the field. ? 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Magnetic polarity; Magnetism; Bipolar structure; Coronal mass ejection; Future observations; Initial conditions; Magnetic field strengths; Observation data; Polarity inversion lines; Simulated fragmentation; Magnetoplasma; article; human tissue; magnetic field; simulation[SDGs]SDG13journal article10.3390/s21020586334675362-s2.0-85099522762