翁作新臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所鄒承府Zou, Cheng FuCheng FuZou2007-11-252018-07-092007-11-252018-07-092006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/50320摘要 本研究評估雲林縣麥寮砂大型砂土試體準備方法之可行性。麥寮砂為台灣西部海岸沖填工業區的典型砂土,含有相當高的細料含量,且具有高壓縮性,故在試體準備上的考量與一般純砂有所不同。主要是控制其飽和度與均勻度會有相當的困難。經由小型玻璃箱試驗結果得知,以分層濕砂水中沉降法―分階加水所準備出來的試體表面平整,且無觀察到有氣泡殘留在試體內。另外試體內部除了上方一薄層細料含量較高外,其餘差異並不大,故均勻度可接受。 將此法應用於國家地震工程研究中心之大型剪力試驗盒(1880 mm × 1880 mm × 1520 mm)之試體準備後,經壓力波波速量測結果,得其波速與水中的波速相近,試體飽和度佳。另外由振動試驗結束後之薄管取樣所得乾密度值與細料含量得知,除表面一薄層細料含量較高外,其餘差異並不大,且乾密度值差異亦不大。 大型麥寮砂試體除含有細料外,其表層有一薄層透水性不良的高細料含量土壤,故激發之孔隙水壓消散與沉陷時間皆比乾淨的越南砂久。而當累積之水壓經土層弱處宣洩而將砂土帶出後,造成液化發生後於砂面留下多處噴砂孔。由試驗結果發現,在相同振動作用下,越南砂試體比麥寮砂試體之液化深度深,但液化引致之體積應變卻比麥寮砂試體小。 關鍵字:麥寮砂、試體準備、液化、大型剪力盒、振動台、孔隙水壓、體積應變Abstract This study assesses the sample preparation of large specimens of Mailiao sand from Yunlin county . Mailiao silty sand is a typical reclaimed soil with a high fines content and high compressibility in the reclamation industrial areas in the wester Taiwan. There will be difficulties of controlling saturation and uniformity of the sand in preparing large specimens of sand containing fines. It was found that there is no evidence of air bubbles in the soil and unevenness of sample surface when sample prepared by staged sedimentation method in a small glass case. Except a top thin layer of sand with a higher fines content there is no significant difference of fines content in other depths of sand specimen. We adopted this method for sample preparation of Mailiao sand in large biaxial laminar shear box at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). The results of P-wave velocity measurement confirmed the saturation of the sand specimen. After the shaking table test, the dry density and fines content obtained by thin-walled tube sampling showed no significant difference within the sand specimen, except a thin layer of high-fines-content sand on the top of the sand specimen. This relatively low permeability layer resulted in longer duration of dissipation of generated pore water pressure and surface settlement compared with those of the clean Vietnam silica sand. The sand boils were observed when the water with high pressure flowed out through a weak relativly impervious layer of sand. Under the same shaking, the liquefaction depth of Vietnam silica sand is deeper but the volumetric strain is smaller than those of Mailiao sand. Key words: Mailiao sand, sample preparation, liquefaction, shaking table test, pore water pressure, volumetric strain.目錄 誌謝 I 摘要 II Abstract III 目錄 V 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 IX 第一章 前言 1 1-1 研究動機與目的 1 1-2 研究方法與內容 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1 麥寮砂之工程性質 4 2-1-1 麥寮砂顆粒形狀與礦物成分 4 2-1-2 麥寮砂之破碎性與體積變化特性 4 2-2 室內小型重模試體製作方式與影響 5 2-2-1 試體製作方式 5 2-2-2 不同試體製作方式之影響 6 2-3 大尺寸物理模型試體準備方式 8 2-3-1 水中沉降法 8 2-3-2 乾搗法 9 2-3-3 濕搗法 9 第三章 麥寮砂特性與試體準備方式之評估 15 3-1 麥寮砂之基本物理性質 15 3-2 麥寮砂試體準備方式之評估 16 3-2-1 乾砂水中沉降法 17 3-2-2 分層濕砂水中沉降法 18 3-2-3 分層濕砂水中沉降法―分階加水 20 3-2-4 預拌飽和砂土填築法 21 第四章 試驗設備與試體準備方法 37 4-1 雙軸向多層剪力試驗盒 37 4-2 大型砂土霣落箱 38 4-3 量測儀器 39 4-4 大型剪力試驗盒之試體準備流程 40 4-4-1 振動試驗前之準備工作 40 4-4-2 試體準備之流程 41 4-4-3 振動試驗之進行 42 4-4-4 試驗完成後之後續工作 42 第五章 試驗結果與討論 59 5-1 試體飽和度之檢測 59 5-2 試體均勻性之檢測 60 5-3 麥寮砂與越南砂液化行為之初步比較與探討 61 5-3-1 液化引致噴砂之現象 61 5-3-2 孔隙水壓激發與消散 62 5-3-3 液化深度之比較 62 5-3-4 液化引致體積應變 63 第六章 結果與建議 81 6-1 結論 81 6-2 建議 82 參考文獻 835893189 bytesapplication/pdfen-US麥寮砂試體準備液化大型剪力盒振動台孔隙水壓體積應變Mailiao sandsample preparationliquefactionshaking table testpore water pressurevolumetric strain振動台大型剪力盒麥寮砂試體準備之評估Sample Preparation of Mailiao Sand in Large Scale Biaxial Shear Box on Shaking Tablethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/50320/1/ntu-95-R93521120-1.pdf