MING-WHEI YUYang Y.-C.Yang S.-Y.Chang H.-C.Liaw Y.-F.Lin S.-M.CHUN-JEN LIULee S.-D.Lin C.-L.PEI-JER CHENLin S.-C.Chen C.-J.2021-07-032021-07-0320020270-9139https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984573456&doi=10.1053%2fjhep.2002.33897&partnerID=40&md5=d10e4d9cda8897fbc0efff4f743a8e64https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/568778The androgen receptor (AR) gene is localized on chromosome X, and shorter CAG repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene were recently suggested to increase hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk among men. To examine whether the relationship between the AR-CAG repeats and HCC was also evident among women, we conducted a case-control study in Taiwan. The number of AR-CAG repeats was determined for 238 women with HCC and 354 unrelated control subjects (comprising 188 first-degree and 166 nonbiological relatives) selected from female relatives of patients with HCC. Women harboring 2 AR alleles with more than 23 CAG repeats had an increased risk of HCC (ageadjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.82; 95% CI, 1.06-3.14), compared with women with only short alleles or a single long allele. The association between harboring 2 AR alleles containing longer CAG repeats and HCC was more striking among HBV carriers (age-adjusted OR for more than 22 repeats, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.14-4.34) and particularly prominent among HBV carriers under age 53 years (age-adjusted OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.13-8.82). When CAG repeats were analyzed as a continuous variable, the increase in HCC risk associated with each incremental repeat in the shorter of 2 alleles in a given genotype was statistically significant among women with a first-degree relative with HCC (age-adjusted OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37). No such relationship was detected among women without the family history. In conclusion, our observations suggest that the AR-CAG alleles may contribute to HCC predisposition among women through a mechanism different from that for men.[SDGs]SDG3adenine; androgen receptor; cytosine; guanine; adolescent; adult; aged; allele; article; cancer risk; case control study; controlled study; exon; female; genetic association; genetic predisposition; genetic risk; high risk population; human; liver cell carcinoma; major clinical study; nucleotide repeat; priority journal; Taiwanjournal article10.1053/jhep.2002.33897120853602-s2.0-84984573456