朱武獻Zhu, Wu-hsien臺灣大學:國家發展研究所蔡美惠Tsai, mei-hueimei-hueiTsai2010-05-052018-06-282010-05-052018-06-282008U0001-2307200811495100http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/180141我國對於公務人員應負之行政責任係採「司法懲戒」與「行政懲處」雙軌制，二者均為對公務人員違法失職行為所為之不利益處分。此種制度之妥適性，向為學說與實務論究議題。 囿於特別權力關係學說之影響，我國公務人員之權益常受限制，且「重實體而輕程序」。迄至民國88年大法官會議作出釋字第491號解釋，認為對於公務人員憲法上所保障服公職之權利有重大限制或剝奪者，應踐行正當法律程序，並許其提起復審、行政訴訟以資救濟。惟除平時考核獎懲抵銷達二大過換專案考績懲處免職外，其餘對我國公務人員所為之懲處處分，尚未全面踐行正當法律程序。明依公務人員考績法對公務人員所為之免職處分，應諸如作成處分應經機關內部組成立場公正之委員會決議，處分前並應給予受處分人陳述及申辯之機會，處分書應附記理由，並表明救濟方法、期問及受理機關等。不過至今我國對公務人員所為之懲戒及懲處處分，除考績懲處免職外，餘者尚未能全然踐行正當法律程序。如平時考核獎懲抵銷累積達二大過或專案考績二大過免職懲處，而不能與一般人民一樣完全享有憲法上所賦予之權利。近年來公務人員權益保障逐漸落實， 本研究乃藉由歷史文獻及相關理論為基礎，就我國現行懲處制度之法制面及執行面加以檢討分析，以發掘其缺失;且同時對德國及日本之公務員懲戒(懲處)制度進行探究，並與我國相較，俾取其長處，以供借鏡。也冀望本文最後所提之建議有助於我國公務人員行政懲處制度之改善，暨對學術界能有所貢獻。The punishment for the administrative liability of civil servants in Taiwan adopts the two-track system of "Judicial Punishment" and "Administrative Punishment". Both of them are the non-benefit punishment for the illegal and delinquency behaviors acted by civil servants. Whether it is appropriate to establish the two-track system of administrative punishment out of the judicial punishment has long been a dispute between the domestic scholars and practical field. Due to the relationship between our civil servants and the nation in the past was influenced by Special Power Relationship, civil servants usually subjected to special restriction by some laws and regulations and could not share the same constitutional rights as general public. Furthermore, more value to substantive law than procedural law. The restriction on them only changed till 1999 after the No. 491 interpretation proclaimed the great limitation of people’s right to take civil service guaranteed by the Constitution. Therefore, such kind of punishment should follow the procedure of the law and those who are punished can have the right present their plea so that they might protect their right. However, the punishment made on the civil servants in Taiwan could not carry out the due process of law completely till now, except dismiss from service by merit punishment.( include : two great faults in daily evaluation without counteraction by awarding or dismiss of two great faults). This thesis, its title as " A Study of Administrative Liability for the Civil Servants "aims to investigate the related questions of the administrative liability for the civil servants, indemnify the lawful protection of promotion and discuss remedial procedure from the statute. In this study, is based on the reviewing of historical experiences and relevant theories to review and analyze the legal and execution aspects of the present punishment system in Taiwan to discover its defects; furthermore, it also studies the Punishment System for the Civil Servants in Japan and Germany to compare with Taiwan to lean their advantages and for reference. In brief, through the discussion expected that the suggestions at the end of this thesis could facilitate the improvement of our civil servants punishment.第一章 緒論 2一節 研究動機 2二節 問題提出 4三節 研究範圍與研究目的 5四節 研究方法 6五節 本文結構 7二章 公務人員與國家之關係 8一節 公務人員關係之理論基礎－特別權力關係 8一項 特別權力關係之意義 8二項 特別權力關係之演變 8二節 我國公務人員關係之內涵 20一項 公務人員與國家關係之本質 20二項 公務人員之權利 20三項 公務人員之義務 23四項 公務人員之行政責任 27三章 我國公務人員行政責任制度 29一節 公務人員懲處與懲戒制度之區別 29二節 行政懲處實體法 30一項 行政懲處實體法概念 31一款 概說 31二項 應受懲處之對象 35三項 應受懲處之構成要件行為 39四項 應受懲處之法律效果 44三節 行政懲處程序法 45一項 概念 45二項 行政懲處救濟程序 48三項 小結 51四節 公務人員保障法相關保障事件案例分析 53一項 概說 53二項 公務人員行政懲處案例 54三項 公務人員司法懲戒案例 60四章 公務人員行政責任與外國制度比較 68一節 日本 68一項 概說 68二項 公務人員行政懲處 69三項 小結 83二節 德國 85一項 概說 85二項 公務人員行政懲處 85三項 小結 94五章 行政懲處合憲性—司法院大法官解釋為主 97一節 行政懲處免職之問題 97一項 憲法沿革及內涵 97二項 司法院大法官解釋 101二項 小結 106二節 考績懲處免職之合憲性內涵 107一項 懲處免職處分與法律保留原則 107二項 行政懲處與明確性原則 112三項 懲處免職處分與正當法律程序 120三節 免職懲處處分之先行停職問題 128一項 免職懲處處分執行時點 128二項 先行停職問題 130六章 公務人員行政責任制度之檢討 132一節 懲處程序法與實體法 132一項 國內外懲處制度之特色 133二項 我國現行公務人員行政懲處制度 134二節 行政懲處與司法懲戒雙軌制之合理性 140一項 懲處與懲戒之本質區分 140二項 考績懲處制度之商議 143七章 結論與建議 147一節 結論 147二節 建議 148考文獻 154application/pdf997498 bytesapplication/pdfen-US公務人員行政責任行政懲處司法懲戒救濟程序正當法律程序civil servantsadministrative liabilityjudicial punishmentadministrative punishmentremedial Proceduredue process of lawthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/180141/1/ntu-97-P92341020-1.pdf