2017-08-012024-05-14https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/657623摘要：「蝠蠅」是專屬於蝙蝠的吸血性外寄生昆蟲，包含蛛蠅 (Nycteribiidae) 與蝙蝠蠅 (Streblidae) 二科。蝠蠅因會攜帶蝙蝠之病菌而可能傳播蝙蝠相關傳染病，但其傳播蝙蝠相關傳染病的程度會受到其宿主專一性的影響。形塑寄生蟲宿主專一性的兩大主要機制分別是「遭遇(encounter)」與「相容性(compatibility)」，也就是寄生蟲有無機會遭遇不同宿主，及在不同宿主身上是否能順利存活繁衍。蝠蠅具高度宿主專一性，但目前尚無研究同時評估「遭遇」與「相容性」二機制如何影響蝠蠅的宿主專一性。因此，本研究利用東亞摺翅蝠(Miniopterus fuliginosus)身上的姜宜蛛蠅 (Penicillidia jenynsii)，以及12 種臺灣蝙蝠物種為材料，藉由「轉移、存活」測試，探討「遭遇」與「相容性」相對重要性， 同時評估蝠蠅跨物種寄生之能力。目前完成104-105 年計畫之結果，已發現9 種新紀錄之蝠蠅物種，本研究將持續透過廣泛、嚴謹且避免汙染的採集，更新臺灣蝠蠅名錄及其與主要宿主連結。而「宿主專一性機制研究」部份，已測試 12 種與原宿主共棲與非共棲的蝙蝠物種，結果顯示 P. jenynsii 可利用蝙蝠科中11 種蝙蝠血液存活，卻排斥臺灣小蹄鼻蝠 (Rinolophus monoceros)的血液而無法存活。儘管P. jenynsii 具潛在利用多種受測物種的能力，但可能受限於其偏好，而表現出高度宿主專一現象。本研究將延續相關相容性實驗，並探討「偏好」等相關機制的影響。 <br> Abstract: Bat flies of Nycteribiidae and Streblidae are blood-sucking parasitic Diptera that live exclusively on bats. Bat flies are known to carry bat-related pathogens, therefore, are potential vectors of bat-related zoonoses. However, the capacity of bat flies in spreading bat-related infectious diseases depends on their host specificity. Two main mechanisms that have been proposed to affect host specificity of parasites are how easy parasites can "encounter" different hosts and "compatibility" of parasites, i.e., ability of parasites to survive and multiply on different hosts. Although bat flies have high degree of host specificity, few studies have been conducted to assess the relative importance of "encounter" and "compatibility" in affecting host specificity of bat flies. Therefore, we intend to evaluate the relative importance of "encounter" and "compatibility" in affecting host specificity of bat flies by transferring bat flies, Penicillidia jenynsii, which were collected from the cave-dwelling Japanese long-fingered bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus), to other 12 bat species in Taiwan. Taxonomy of Taiwan bat flies and their host list will also be created and updated by extensive filed survey of bats and bat flies in Taiwan. Results of the 2015-2016 project revealed 9 new record species of bat flies (3 Streblidae and 6 Nycteribiidae) in Taiwan. P. jenynsii can survive by feeding the blood of 11 out of 12 bat species tested (internal compatibility). However, P. jenynsii failed to survive on Rinolophus monoceros which is co-habited with M. fuliginosus. Although P. jenynsii has the potential of infecting more host species, it may show high degree of host specificity due to its preference. This project will continue to investigate how “preference” of bat flies and other relevant mechanisms affect host-parasite compatibility.蛛蠅科蝙蝠蠅科宿主專一性遭遇相容性偏好NycteribiidaeStreblidaehost-specificityencountercompatibilitypreference