2009-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/699666摘要：本研究計畫是以學齡前兒童為對象，具體目標為：(1) 發展一套觀察架構以瞭解兒童在挑戰情境之因應策略的時序行為（sequential behaviors），以便解決過去針對學齡前或更小兒童在挑戰情境的目標設定的研究中使用自我報告或強迫單選法為測量媒介的效度問題。(2) 本研究也將複驗（replicate）過去在測量學齡前兒童的成就目標時使用的強迫單選法的結果，再比較以傳統方法所檢驗出的成就目標與孩童面對挑戰時的真實行為之間的關係。(3) 為了讓兒童面對挑戰時的策略行為能夠充分在這套觀察架構下突顯出來，本研究另以Atkinson與Litwin（1960）的「目標設定」派典為基礎，設計新的挑戰情境，使這套觀察架構可充分發揮紀錄與編碼時序行為的功能。(4) 學齡前兒童所在乎的挑戰，不僅止於過去對兒童中期及青少年的研究中所常採用的認知作業而已，還包括對體能的挑戰，因此，挑戰內容的多樣化也是本研究計畫所納入考量的變項。(5) 本研究新發展的測量情境與觀察架構，也將做為本實驗室未來繼續追蹤目前正在執行的嬰幼兒精熟動機國科會計畫（NSC 97-2410-H-002 -157）的受試者的先導研究，以為將來的第二期追蹤研究做準備。 除了實驗派典與觀察架構的精進，本研究所欲解決的理論性議題，則分成：(1) 打破過去將兒童的成就目標分為「學習目標」、「表現目標」等硬性區分的派典，探討兒童在挑戰作業進行的當下，與各種成就目標所相對應的行為策略如何合併出現、並交互影響的動態歷程。(2) 若本研究計畫所發展的實驗情境與觀察架構的確能凸顯學齡前兒童因應策略的個別差異，那麼成就動機的個別差異是否具有跨情境一致性，亦即兒童在認知作業與體能作業上所使用的因應策略是否一致，便成為另一個值得追索的目標。因此本研究將對學齡前兒童進行體能與認知兩種挑戰，並分析他們在兩種挑戰中因應策略的相關。 <br> Abstract: This study investigates preschoolers’ strategic behaviors in meeting challenging tasks. The specific goals includes: (1) developing an observational scheme to capture preschoolers’ sequential behaviors in coping with challenging tasks. The intention of developing this new scheme is to solve the problem of assessment validity in using self-report or force-choice paradigm in categorizing young children’s achievement goals; (2) replicating the result of goal choice of preschoolers by applying the tradition force-choice method and comparing preschoolers’ goal choice with their strategic behaviors in the challenging task; (3) adopting Atkinson and Litwin’s (1960) goal setting paradigm to design a new experimental context in order to capture young children’s motivational attempts manifested in their real-time behaviors; (4) measuring children’s reaction to age-appropriate challenging contexts of different kind; and (5) hopefully, applying the newly developed observational scheme and goal setting paradigm in the future to our longitudinal sample. Aside from adopting a new observational scheme, this study intends to resolve two theoretical issues. The first is to adopt a multiple-goal perspective to investigate the co-existence and reciprocal influence of different goals. The second is to investigate the cross situational consistency of children’s goal setting strategy while meeting cognitively and physically challenging tasks.學齡前兒童行為觀察目標設定成就目標preschoolersbehavioral observationgoal settingachievement goal