Hsu Y.-Y.Wu D.CHIEN-CHING HUNGHuang S.-S.Yuan F.-H.Lee M.-H.Huang C.-T.Shie S.-S.Huang P.-Y.Yang C.-C.Cheng C.-W.Leu H.-S.Wu T.-S.Huang Y.-C.2021-12-012021-12-0120201471-2334https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082791910&doi=10.1186%2fs12879-020-04979-8&partnerID=40&md5=e2ce225998c2a226cfe6a9057452ae09https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/588722Background: To evaluate nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the risk factors of MRSA colonization, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Taiwan. Methods: From September 2014 to November 2015, HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care at four hospitals were eligible for this study. A nasal specimen was obtained from each subject for the detection of S. aureus and a questionnaire was completed by each subject. MRSA isolates once identified were characterized. Results: Of 553 patients surveyed, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 119 subjects (21.5%) and MRSA in 19 subjects (3.4%). Female gender, injection drug use, smoking, hepatitis C virus carrier, cancer and antibiotic use within 1 year were positively associated with MRSA colonization. By multivariate analysis, only cancer (adjust odds ratio (aOR) 7.78, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.909-31.731]) and antibiotic use within 1 year (aOR 3.89, [95% CI, 1.219-12.433]) were significantly associated with MRSA colonization. Ten isolates were characterized as sequence type (ST) 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) IV or VT, endemic community strains in Taiwan, four isolates as ST 8/SCCmec IV (USA 300) and one isolate as ST 239/SCCmec IIIA, a hospital strain. All the community-associated MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Conclusions: Nasal MRSA carriage in HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care was low (3.4%) in northern Taiwan. Most of the colonizing isolates were genetically endemic community strains and exhibited high susceptibility to TMP-SMX and fluoroquinolones. Cancer and antibiotic use within 1 year were associated with MRSA colonization. ? 2020 The Author(s).Antibiotic use; Injection drug use; Injection drug user; Molecular typing; Nasal carriage[SDGs]SDG3antibiotic agent; cotrimoxazole; antiinfective agent; cotrimoxazole; adult; antibiotic sensitivity; Article; bacterial chromosome; bacterial colonization; bacterial strain; bacterium carrier; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; confidence interval; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; gender; gene cassette; Hepatitis C virus; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; injection drug user; major clinical study; male; malignant neoplasm; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; multilocus sequence typing; nasal carriage; nonhuman; nose; odds ratio; outpatient care; prevalence; questionnaire; smoking; Taiwan; complication; drug effect; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; isolation and purification; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; microbial sensitivity test; microbiology; middle aged; nose mucosa; risk factor; Staphylococcus infection; substance abuse; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Taiwan; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combinationjournal article10.1186/s12879-020-04979-8322284802-s2.0-85082791910