2009-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/704373摘要：「住屋」乃文學中常見之場景象徵，通常用來強化「家庭」的主題，因此在小說中多偏重其感情、心理層面作用。本計畫將由物質層面著手，佐以當代房地產發展的歷史資料，探討十九世紀晚期小說中的買屋置產行為，由經濟考量再回頭關照心理需求，藉以瞭解當時的社會論述如何將此投資行動轉為建構家庭的基本條件，以及作家對於此一論述的矛盾處理。 自有房屋一向是美國夢的一部份，十九世紀的各項技術、經濟、商業發展使得購屋成為多數人可以達成的夢想，但在景氣波動的時候也成為多數人的損失與負擔。此外，家庭結構、婚姻觀念、家務管理上的改變也使得住屋需求與家庭定義起了變化。 觀諸十九世紀後期的幾位主要作家，郝渥斯小說中的人物大都發現「都會居，大不易」，或因投資失利，或因適應不良，最終難以安居樂業。華爾頓筆下的老家祖厝則代表吃人禮教，而反抗傳統的人物則必得寄居旅社，無以為家。德萊塞卻視住家為消費享受的一環，同居者也不必非得是傳統家庭成員。 本計畫預定廣泛閱讀此時期的作家與作品，並視作品特色，將住家議題之討論與都市、性別、空間、家庭、經濟、法律、政策、媒體等其他議題的研究相映證。第一年將以作品中的中產階級的家庭住屋為關注焦點，第二年則以非（中產階級）典型的住所為對象，例如上述之旅社、寄宿房舍、貧民窟、收容所等。 <br> Abstract: This project examines the treatment of residences—"houses" on the physical and economic level, and "homes" on the psychological and symbolic level—in late nineteenth century literature. Historical studies of housing developments in the period will be applied to the reading of contemporary fiction to better understand the function of residences in the novels, not as mere setting, but as a vital part of the economic environment and cultural discourse that the writers and their characters must respond to. Home ownership has always been a prominent part of the American Dream, which came within the reach of the common man as innovations in building technology, the corporatization of the construction industry, and new ways to finance house purchases cut down the cost of residences. Though the common wisdom shaped by the real estate industry`s advertisements holds home ownership to be a smart investment, evidence also shows that such purchases often turned into financial nightmares at times of economic depression or due to geographical shifts. Add to this the trends of urbanization and suburbanization, changes in family makeup, sexual relationships and home management, and the needs of shelter and the definition of "home" underwent changes as well towards the end of the century. The characters of William Dean Howells`s novel often find their urban residency financially and psychologically insecure, due to unfortunate business choices or cultural shock. Edith Wharton imagines the ancestral hall to embody suffocating social conventions, yet her rebellious characters end up wandering from one tourist destination to another and/or wasting away in hotels, without a home of their own. Residences in Theodore Dreiser`s fiction are foremost a component of material comfort, while the people living together do not necessarily have any legally recognized relation. This research will extensively examine American literary works of the late nineteenth century and connect the readings to the issue of housing and related topics such as urban studies, space, gender, family, economics, law, policies, media, etc. depending on the content and context of the works. In the first year I will focus on the typical middle-class dwellings in the writings, while in the second year extending my attention to the non-typical dwellings such as hotels, boarding houses, slums, shelters, etc.美國文學十九世紀寫實小說住屋American literaturenineteenth centuryrealismhousing