Yen C.-HTai-Horng YoungHsieh M.-CLiao L.-JHuang T.-W.2020-02-272020-02-2720191660-3397https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/465310Chitosan is sensitive to environmental pH values due to its electric property. This study investigates whether the pH-responsive chitosan assay can provide a simple method to evaluate the aggressive behavior of cancer cells with cell detachment ratio. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is induced with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549). EMT-induced cells and untreated cells are cultured on chitosan substrates at pH 6.99 for 24 h, followed by pH 7.65 for 1 h. The cell detachment ratio (CDR) on pH-responsive chitosan rises with an increasing of the TGF-β1 concentration. The protein array reveals that the expression levels of the α2, α3, α5, β2, and β3 integrins are higher in EMT-induced A549 cells than in untreated cells. A further inhibition assay shows that adding β3 integrin blocking antibodies significantly decreases the CDR of EMT-induced cells from 32.7 ± 5.7% to 17.8 ± 2.1%. The CDR of mesenchymal-type lung cancer cells increases on pH-responsive chitosan through the β3 integrin. Notably, the CDR can be theoretically predicted according to the individual CDR on the pH-responsive chitosan surface, irrespective of heterogeneous cell mixture. The pH-responsive chitosan assay serves as a simple in vitro model to investigate the aggressive behavior of lung cancer including the heterogeneous cell population. ? 2019 MDPI AG. All rights reserved.Cell detachment ratio; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Integrins; Lung cancer; pH-responsive chitosan; Transforming growth factor-β1[SDGs]SDG3alpha2 integrin; alpha3 integrin; alpha5 integrin; beta3 integrin; blocking antibody; CD18 antigen; chitosan; transforming growth factor beta1; beta3 integrin; chitosan; ITGB3 protein, human; TGFB1 protein, human; transforming growth factor beta1; A-549 cell line; Article; cancer growth; cell culture; cell detachment ratio; cell function; cell metabolism; cell population; controlled study; enzyme inhibition assay; epithelial mesenchymal transition; human; human cell; in vitro study; lung cancer cell line; pH; protein expression; protein microarray; bioassay; cell adhesion; cell motion; chemistry; epithelial mesenchymal transition; lung tumor; metabolism; non small cell lung cancer; pathology; pH; procedures; signal transduction; A549 Cells; Biological Assay; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Chitosan; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Integrin beta3; Lung Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta1journal article10.3390/md17120659317712402-s2.0-85075696344