2011-08-012024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/650859摘要：在1998年，歐洲聯盟公布The Principles of European Contract Law (PECL)。在2004年，歐洲「私法統合國際組織」公布Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts。在2009年歐洲民法研究會及歐盟私法研究會共同公布Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law: Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR).除上開歐盟對於契約法之改革外，德國於2002年施行新修訂債法，日本則於2010年公布日本新債法修訂條文，以因應國際上債法之變革。在歐洲契約法之改革，自契約之成立、代理權之授與、契約之有效性、契約之解釋、契約之內容與效果、契約之履行、債務不履行、債務不履行之救濟方式、契約之解消與損害賠償等，均有諸多與我國民法不同之規定，而且許多新的規範，甚值研究與我國學習（詳如研究計畫內容）。歐洲契約法之規範，與我國民法具有許多不同之處，且更為合理地解決當事人之紛爭。我國債法自立法以來鮮少修訂，民法89年僅為少部分修正，對於許多重大制度性問題，如商務性契約條款之成立、債務不履行之免責規定、契約之解消事由、間接代理之法律效果、契約之解釋等，歐洲契約法提供嶄新的解決途徑。此外，過去契約法強調契約自由原則，然而在現代，由於商業性契約幾乎涵蓋重要契約法爭議，因而契約法具有法院干涉主義之趨勢。在歐洲契約法，無論契約自由（PECL 1：102）、契約解釋（PECL 1：106）、契約義務（PECL 1：201）等，均一再強調「誠信原則與公平交易」(good faith and fair dealing)，甚至強調當事人之合作義務（PECL 1：202）。2010年日本民法債編修訂，市場主義與干涉主義辯論甚巨，但日本最高法院以誠信原則積極介入當事人間之契約關係，由來已久，成效卓著。民法立法上是否予以一般化而規定為條文，成為學界之討論重點。鑑於歐日契約法之變革，我國民法債編規定，應有重新檢討之必要，避免我國民法成為落後於世界各國的法典。因而本計畫之目的在於，研究上述PECL、Unidroit、DCFR及日本新債法草案之規定，與我國立法、學說與實務見解比較，提出適合我國債法修訂之草案版本。本計畫以PECL為考察基礎，比較DCFR、Unidroit及日本債法修正案，分三年說明研究重點如下：第一年：契約之成立（包含意思表示、合併條款、要約與承諾、締約過失責任）、代理權授與（包含直接代理與間接代理）、契約之有效性、契約解釋、契約之內容與效果。第二年：契約之履行、債務不履行之一般規定、契約之救濟程序（包含履行請求權、同時履行抗辯權、契約之解消、價金減少請求權、損害賠償）。第三年：多數當事人（包含連帶債務等）、債權讓與、契約承擔、消滅時效。經過本件計畫之研究，可以正確掌握歐洲契約法與日本債法之最新發展趨勢，及釐清我國民法應該修改之處。本計畫之重要成果將為，透過連續性相關論文發表，檢討我國契約法之疑問，提出建議改進方向，最後提出民法總則與債編關於契約法之修正建議草案，作為日後修法及法院判決之參考。<br> Abstract: In 1998, the Commission on European Contract Law announced “The Principles of European Contract Law “ (PECL). In 2004, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law published “Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts.” In 2009, the Study Group on a European Civil Code and the Research Group on EC Private Law (Acquis Group) declared the “Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law: Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR).” All of these documents demonstrate a new trend of contract law in Europe and around the world.In addition, the new revision of German law of obligations was carried out in 2002, while Japan published the new edition of revision of Japanese law of obligations in order to catch up with European trend of civil law. These new revisions of national law of obligations reveal a new response to the current new commercial system around the world.With the newly published rules of contract law, many of them are quite different from those under Taiwanese civil code. The difference between Taiwanese law and European-Japanese law is not only for the trivial rules of contract law, but for many key issues of contract law such as the merger clause, pre-contractual liability, battle of forms, confidentiality, duty of disclosure, interpretation of contract, non-performance , and termination of contract, for which Taiwanese law does not provide sufficient rules to govern.Meanwhile, the controversy over the free market theory and the interventionism is also prevalent in many countries such as Japan. In the rules concerning contract under European law unceasingly states the significance of good faith and fair dealing. Article 1:201 of PECL insists that “Each party must act in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. The parties may not exclude or limit this duty.” Further, article 1:202 of PECL provides that “Each party owes to the other a duty to co-operate in order to give full effect to the contract.” These articles show the trend of court’s intervention into contracts concluded by private parties.This project aims to explore the potential revision of Taiwanese civil code based on European contract law and Japanese daft of revision of law of obligations. Due to the large-scale issues provided by civil code articles, this project needs consecutive research for three years.For the first year, it focuses on the formation of contract, the authority of agents, validity of contract, interpretation, the contents and effects of contract. For the second year, it examines performance and non-performance of contract, including such remedies as the right to performance, withholding performance, termination of contract, price reduction and damages and interest. For the third year, it discusses the plurality of parties, assignment of claims, substitution of new debtor: transfer of contract, and the prescription.This project intends to clarify the difference between Taiwanese law and European-Japanese laws, and to offer a proposal of revision of Taiwanese contract law.強行規定禁止規定經濟法規經濟上公共秩序公平交易法不當維持價格公平競爭法律行為無效imperative lawprohibitive laweconomic regulationeconomic public orderFair Trade Lawundue maintenance of pricefair competitioninvalid juristic act