2007-01-012024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/664815摘要：本計畫將探討比較文學於十九世紀下半葉興起之際一項極受爭議的課題，亦即透過自然史以及生物學建構宏觀文藝史研究方法論之有效性。有別於歷史語言學針對字義轉變的考掘、實證主義累積的語料、唯美主義著重個別作家語言風格的獨特性，泰納所提出的三合一運作公式—種族、環境、時代—則將批評的重點導向種族類型以及心態史研究。泰納為成就此項龐大計畫，同時借用了法國自然史家曲維爾、聖希勒，以及英國達爾文演化論觀點，其對物種成長發展以及地質改變等觀點尚稱與時俱進。然而，泰納的觀點顯示以下問題仍待釐清：(一)將自然史平行位移至文藝史所產生的化約，是否足以提供類比的可能。(二)此種平行位移是否能稱得上是科學研究方法。(三)如何修改此公式，才能以更深刻的方式結合生物學與文藝研究。本研究目前已掌握曾針對這些問題提出看法的批評家，如阿諾德(Matthew Arnold)、詹姆士(Henry James)、史蒂芬(Leslie Stephen)、布涅提耶(Ferdinand Brunetière)、卡莎彌安(Louis Cazamian)，以及韋勒克(René Wellek)。預計以兩年為期，橫向勾勒與泰納同時代的英國批評家如何攻訐或吸納其方法，縱向則探討始自泰納以法語書寫英國文學史的傳統，以及韋勒克如何以新批評方法對抗盛行於歐陸的生物學主流。本計畫亦將透過摹因研究以及跨文化附加編碼等觀點，揭露泰納方法於英法文化交流過程中所產生的附加文學特質。<br> Abstract: Hippolyte Taine (1828-1893) Revisited: A Critical Survey of His Method for Literary Historiography This project aims to rearticulate one of the controversial issues during the latter half of the nineteenth century, which is about applying the models of natural history and living species to the conceptualization of literary and art histories. In contrast with his contemporary approaches to literary research like philology, positivism and aestheticism, Hippolyte Taine shifted his attention to the manners and mentalities of a race, based on his composite formula of race, milieu and time. Although he had much assimilated the ideas from the naturalists like Georges Cuvier, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Charles Darwin, he still left other literary critics puzzled and suspicious about the validity of his work. First and foremost, they doubted whether Taine had simply imposed natural history on literary history and thus reduced the interpretations of literary phenomena that go beyond a swift comparison with living species. Second, they questioned whether such superimposition deserves the name of a scientific method called for literary criticism. Third, they even revised the practices of Taine’s formula and came up with their own visions of evolution in literary history. Major critics across the English Channel, such as Matthew Arnold, Henry James, Leslie Stephen, Ferdinand Brunetière, Louis Cazamian and René Wellek, had specifically commented on the Taine issue. By drawing on the theories of memetics and transcultural extracoding, the project will reveal the critics’ resistance and adaptation to the use of a biological model in the judgment of a race or a literary work. It also serves to expose the extraliterary value of Taine’s method generated across the English Channel. Relire Hippolyte Taine (1828-1893) : une étude critique de sa méthode pour l’historiographie des arts et littéraire. Ce projet vise à réarticuler l'un des sujets controversés de la fin du XIXe siècle. Il s'agit d’appliquer les modèles de l’histoire naturelle et des espèces biologiques pour conceptualiser l'histoire littéraire et celle des arts. Par contraste avec les autres approches contemporaines utilisées dans la recherche littéraire, la philologie, le positivisme et l'esthétisme, Hippolyte Taine tourne son attention vers les attitudes et la mentalité d'une race. Sa recherche est basée sur la formule composée de la race, du milieu et du temps. Bien qu'il ait bien assimilé les idées des naturalistes comme Georges Cuvier, Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire et Charles Darwin, dans son travail, il reste quand même quelques probl&egra泰納演化論自然史文藝史文學批評摹因研究跨文化附加編碼Hippolyte TaineDarwinismNatural HistoryLiterary HistoryLiterary CriticismMemeticsTranscultural Extracoding新進教師學術研究計畫-文學院-重探泰納跨國文藝史研究方法論