指導教授：郭瑞祥臺灣大學：工業工程學研究所張易晟Chang, Yi-ChengYi-ChengChang2014-11-252018-06-292014-11-252018-06-292014http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/260997近年來全球B2C電子商務銷售額成長顯著，使得電商接觸消費者的最後一哩─配送物流日趨重要，為了強化競爭優勢與區隔目標客群，更加重視都會區中高度集中的消費者與嚴格配送時間的特性，B2C電商開始建置車隊與相關設施，降低車輛裝載率以快速且密集的配送方式為創新競爭策略滿足顧客需求。 本研究之目的為B2C電商提出發展自有配送系統之最適化設施數、設施位置與車輛數。然而過去B2C電子商務與物流及配送模型設計相關文獻，常在考慮車輛實際容量、最長路徑限制與顧客服務時間等因素下，以最低成本做為衡量設施區位問題與車輛途程問題的績效指標，但在B2C電子商務的策略中，具時效性的衡量指標如準時送達率更是重要。 考慮設施位置對於車輛路徑的顯著影響下，建構兩階段之區位途程問題為B2C電商提供設施數量、設施位置及車輛數之建議，分別在給定服務策略下以分支界限法求解最小化服務都會區之設施數，並選擇訂單數較多的區域設立設施，接續以時間導向之循序型節省法求解每座設施所需之最少車輛數。 以國內知名B2C電商企業之訂單資料為研究對象，探討不同配送策略對於最佳設施數量、位置、最少車輛數與旅行時間之影響，並調整相關參數提出不同配送策略下之方案組合，提供決策者多方考量配送模型的發展與策略，做為初步規劃之建議，協助電商企業發展具配送時效導向的競爭策略，使得電商能夠更緊密的虛實整合，為都會區中的潛在消費者們提供最佳的服務。With the significant growth of B2C e-commerce in the recent years, “The Last Mile” is essential for e-commerce to serve customers. To enhance competitive advantages and separate target segments, Firms have paid attention to the characteristics of high customer density in a metropolitan area and hard delivery time windows have been given great attention. B2C e-commerce firms have begun to build distribution systems, and reduce the loading rate with frequently delivery schedules to be creative competitive strategies. The purpose of this research is to provide the optimal suggestions for B2C e-commerce firms to manage their distribution systems. The previous literature related to B2C e-commerce and logistics, and distribution model design asserts that cost efficiency is considered measurement of the performance associated with facility locations and vehicle routing problems. Additionally, performance also includes factors such as vehicle capacity, maximum route length and customer service time. More specifically, the strategies of B2C e-commerce distribution emphasize the integration the above factors into time-oriented indicators to measure their service quality. By building a two-stage location-routing problem for B2C e-commerce to provide the scenarios for the required number of facilities and fleet size as well as the facility locations. The first stage is applying the branch and bound method to minimizing the number of facilities and corresponding locations. In the second stage, this research utilizes time-oriented savings method with sequential approach to minimize fleet size in each facility. This research draws data from a B2C e-commerce enterprise to investigate the optimal combinations among the required number of facilities and fleet size as well as the facility locations. The findings in this research provide the managers a comprehensive and multiple aspects model for developing logistics systems in a metropolitan area. This paper also conduct sensitive analysis to provide different portfolios that managers can take into considerations to further develop their businesses and enhance service quality.摘要 I ABSTRACT II 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 VII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究架構 3 1.4 論文架構 4 第二章 文獻探討 6 2.1 B2C電子商務與物流 6 2.2 城市物流 7 2.3 配送模型 8 2.3.1 區位途程問題(Location routing problem, LRP) 10 2.3.2 設施區位問題(Facility location problem, FLP) 12 2.3.3 車輛途程問題(Vehicle routing problem, VRP) 15 2.3.4 節省法(Savings method) 15 2.4 文獻整理與評析 18 第三章 模型建構 20 3.1 問題描述 20 3.2 模型假設 23 3.3 數學模型 24 3.3.1 模型架構 24 3.3.2 權重集合覆蓋問題 25 3.3.3 求解方法 27 3.3.4 區域指派機制 28 3.3.5 求解方法 29 3.3.6 車輛途程問題 30 3.3.7 求解方法 31 第四章 個案資料分析 38 4.1 個案背景介紹 38 4.2 個案參數設定 40 4.2.1 估計服務時間 40 4.2.2 估計旅行時間矩陣 42 4.3 個案資料求解 45 4.3.1 權重集合覆蓋問題 45 4.3.2 區域指派機制 47 4.3.3 車輛途程問題 48 4.3.4 非對稱型節省法 48 4.3.5 對稱型節省法 51 4.4 求解結果 53 4.5 敏感度分析 54 4.5.1 調整最長服務時間 54 4.5.2 延長配送時間上限 57 4.6 小結 59 第五章 結論與建議 61 5.1 研究結論與管理意涵 61 5.2 研究貢獻 61 5.3 研究限制 62 5.4 未來研究方向 63 參考文獻 641764968 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間：2015/07/11論文使用權限：同意無償授權B2C電子商務物流配送模型區位途程問題節省法thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/260997/1/ntu-103-R01546009-1.pdf