NAI-CHEN CHENGHuang, Wen YenWen YenHuangSUNG-JAN LINMIN-HUEY CHENLee, I. ChiI. ChiLeeShen, Chia NingChia NingShenLi, Yi Chen EthanYi Chen EthanLi2024-01-242024-01-242023-01-019781003822684https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/638876This chapter introduces the thin films as the in vitro 2D culture stem cell culture systems. The fabrication process of 2D culture systems usually has no complex manufacturing procedure and offers user-friendly and easily operated protocols for everyone working with cell culture- or biology-related research in laboratories. The principle of surface modification of culture dishes or wells is paving thin films or thick membranes on the tissue culture surface of the flat plane through physical or chemical methods. Compared with the thin films, thick membranes used for culturing cells are usually fabricated through manufacturing technology to obtain the membrane-type substrates, which are cut and placed in culture dishes/wells as the surface for cell adhesion and growth. The possible mechanism pathways provide clear information to fabricate the thick membrane with specific microstructures to design the tissue-like cell culture microenvironments.book part10.1201/9781003130048-52-s2.0-85178634691https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85178634691