Kung Y.Lihachev A.Šatkauskas S.Lan K.-L.WEN-SHIANG CHEN2020-03-302020-03-3020171567-5394https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021912901&doi=10.1016%2fj.bioelechem.2017.06.014&partnerID=40&md5=1c7b2a2474099e494393155eb4d1b784https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/481373The efficacy of genomic medicine depends on gene transfer efficiency. In this area, electroporation has been found to be a highly promising method for physical gene transfer. However, electroporation raises issues related to electrical safety, tissue damage, and the number of required wounds. Concentric-type needle electrodes seek to address these issues by using a lower bias (10?V), a single wound, fewer processing steps, and a smaller working area (??10?mm3), thus offering greater accuracy and precision. Moreover, the needle can be arrayed to simultaneously treat several target regions. This paper proposes a novel method using concentric-type needle electrodes to improve the efficacy of genomic medicine in terms of electrical safety, human factor and usability engineering. ? 2017 Elsevier B.V.[SDGs]SDG3Electrodes; Gene therapy; Gene transfer; Needles; Safety engineering; Safety factor; Usability engineering; Accuracy and precision; Electrical safety; Electroporation; Gene Delivery; Needle electrodes; Transfection; Transfer efficiency; Zebrafish; Genes; insulin; luciferin; plasmid DNA; animal experiment; Article; controlled study; current density; electric conductance; electroporation; gene transfer; human; mouse; needle electrode; nonhuman; rat; surface area; tissue injury; work environment; animal; devices; electrode; electroporation; genetics; needle; zebra fish; Animals; Electrodes; Electroporation; Gene Transfer Techniques; Mice; Needles; Zebrafishjournal article10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.014287089902-s2.0-85021912901