許銘熙臺灣大學：生物環境系統工程學研究所劉欣宜Liu, Shin-YiShin-YiLiu2007-11-272018-06-292007-11-272018-06-292004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/56106淡水河流經台北市區，接收大量之廢污水。而其支流新店溪下游屬感潮河段，其溶氧量普遍偏低。特別是洶纁伝薄A上游之翡翠水庫、青潭堰與直潭壩蓄水以提供大台北地區之民生用水，常使新店溪河水之溶氧不足，並造成魚類暴斃。 本研究之目的在於應用數值模式模擬淡水河系水理與水質之動態變化，且著重於新店溪之部分詳加探討。模式使用西元2000年之地形資料進行檢定。水理部分於淡水河系上選定若干測站，將測站之模擬值與實測水位、流速資料相比較以完成驗證工作。水質方面則以環保署於淡水河系上所量測之實測資料為基準進行檢定與驗證，並推估相關之點源與非點源污染量。所模擬之水質變數主要為氮、磷、生化需氧量以及溶氧。 本研究中以每月之Q90與Q75設計流量模擬，證實洶臙薑壯C流量確實造成魚類生存之危機。建議翡翠水庫、青潭堰與直潭壩應利用豐水期蓄水，洶臙薇挴雪s店溪至Q75之調節水量，並配合點源污染量之削減，則可成打ㄓ氻蠐擗仄赫鞢A使之滿足魚類生存條件而不導致魚類因溶氧不足而死亡。The Hsintien Stream is one of the major branches of the Danshuei River system, which runs through the metropolitan capital city of Taipei and receives large amount of wastewater. The dissolved oxygen is generally low in the tidal portion of the Hsintien Stream. Hypoxia/anoxia occurs often, particularly during the low flow period when the Feitsui Reservoir, Chingtan Dam and Chihtan Dam impound the freshwater for municipal water supply. Fish kills happen from time to time. The purpose of this study is to apply a numerical hydrodynamic and water quality model to the Danshuei River, with special attention to the tidal portion of the Hsintien Stream. The model is calibrated with the prototype conditions of the year 2000. The hydrodynamic portion of the model is recalibrated with measured surface elevation and velocity at various stations in the river system. The water quality portion of the model is calibrated with respect to the field data provided by Taiwan EPA. We also estimate the related input data of point and nonpoint sources. The model can simulate the concentrations of various forms of nutrients, CBOD and dissolved oxygen. In this study, we use the design monthly flow of Q90 and Q75 to demonstrate that the low flow does result in low DO conditions endangering the fish survival. The model simulation results suggest that the conditions may be mitigated by the combination of pollutant reduction and flow augmentation. If the point source loading is reduced by 75%, then the maintenance of Q75 flow in the Hsintien Stream will ensure DO higher than 1 mg/L. The Feitsui Reservoir, Chingtan Dam and Chihtan Dam may impound water during the flood periods and release some to maintain Q75 flow in Hsintien Stream during the drought periods.摘要 I ABSTRACT II 章節目錄 III 表目錄 V 圖目錄 VI 一、 導論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 河川水質模式之文獻回顧 2 1-3 研究內容與目的 3 二、 數值模式 5 2-1 使用模式 5 2-2 基本方程式 5 2-2-1 水理部分 5 2-2-2 水質部分 9 2-3 模式解法 11 2-3-1 格網系統與幾何形狀 11 2-3-2 分層處理 11 2-3-3 有限差分法 12 2-3-4 壓力梯度 12 2-3-5 穩定性 13 三、 水理模式之檢定與驗證 14 3-1 研究區域概述 14 3-2 研究區域上下游邊界及幾何形狀 15 3-3 水理資料整理 16 3-4 平均潮差之檢定 17 3-5 模式驗證 18 四、 水質模式之檢定與驗證 20 4-1 上游非點源污染量推估 20 4-2 淡水河系點源分佈與污染量推估 22 4-2-1 集污區之劃分 23 4-2-2 污染源種類 23 4-2-3 污染流達率之推估 25 4-2-4 推求點源污染量 25 4-3 主要參數檢定 26 4-4 模擬結果 27 4-5 誤差分析 31 五、 敏感度分析 33 5-1 氨氮 33 5-2 生化需氧量 34 5-3 溶氧 35 六、 新店溪魚類調查 37 6-1 近年來淡水河系魚類死亡案件 37 6-2 新店溪之魚種調查 37 6-3 溶氧對魚類之重要性 38 七、 模式應用 41 7-1 民國89年新店溪之水質改善方案 41 7-1-1 水質標準：溶氧為2 mg/L之水質改進方案 43 7-1-2 水質標準：溶氧為1 mg/L之水質改進方案 44 7-2 設計流量以模擬低流量時期新店溪之水質 45 八、 結論與建議 47 8-1 結論 47 8-2 建議 48 九、 參考文獻 492491638 bytesapplication/pdfen-US魚類存活新店溪模式檢定與驗證溶氧水質模擬fish survivalHsintien Streammodel calibration and verificationwater quality simulationdissolved oxygen[SDGs]SDG6[SDGs]SDG11[SDGs]SDG15thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/56106/1/ntu-93-R90622006-1.pdf