Liu C.Han K.Lee D.-J.Wang Q.2019-05-142019-05-14201601757598https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/407945Biological removal of sulfide, nitrate, and phenol at loading rates of 600 g S/(m3 day), 900 g N/(m3 day), and 450 g C/(m3 day), respectively, from synthetic wastewaters was achieved in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, whose rates are much higher than literature works and are considered feasible for handling high-strength petrochemical wastewaters without dilution. Effects of C/S ratio (2–2.5:1) on EGSB performance were noted insignificantly. The strains Bacillus sp., Thauera sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were the heterotrophic denitrifiers and the strains Thiobacillus sp., Azoarcus sp., and Sulfurovum sp. were the autotrophic denitrifiers in the EGSB granules. The EGSB reactor experienced biological breakdown at loadings higher than 1200 g S/(m3 day), 1800 g N/(m3 day), and 900 g C/(m3 day) by the following mechanism: high sulfide first inhibits heterotrophic denitrifies (Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.), thereby accumulating nitrite in the system; then, the accumulated nitrite inhibits autotrophic denitrifiers (Thiobacillus sp., Azoarcus sp., and Sulfurovum sp.) to complete breakdown of the system. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Breakdown; EGSB; Microbial community; Sulfide[SDGs]SDG6Bacteria; Bacteriology; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Denitrification; Granular materials; Nitrates; Phenols; Sulfur compounds; Breakdown; EGSB; Expanded granular sludge bed reactor; Heterotrophic denitrifiers; Microbial communities; Petrochemical wastewater; Sulfide; Synthetic waste water; Nitrogen removal; benzoic acid; nitrate; nitrite; phenol; RNA 16S; sulfate; sulfide; nitric acid derivative; phenol; sewage; sulfide; activated sludge; bacterium; bioreactor; dilution; heterotrophy; microbial community; nitrate; phenol; pollutant removal; sulfide; wastewater; Article; Azoarcus; Bacillus; Bacteroidetes; Chloroflexi; effluent; expanded granular sludge bed reactor; Firmicutes; microbial community; nonhuman; Proteobacteria; Pseudomonas; reactor; RNA sequence; Thauera; Thiobacillus; waste water; bioreactor; metabolism; microbial consortium; microbiology; procedures; sewage; water management; Azoarcus sp.; Bacillus sp.; Pseudomonas sp.; Sulfurovum; Thauera; Thiobacillus sp.; Bioreactors; Microbial Consortia; Nitrates; Phenol; Sewage; Sulfides; Water Purificationjournal article10.1007/s00253-016-7293-22-s2.0-84954313851https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954313851&doi=10.1007%2fs00253-016-7293-2&partnerID=40&md5=3ed54d6132d2912d1ff34de4b01ee9ff