CHIEN-CHING HUNGHung M.N.PO-REN HSUEHSUI-YUAN CHANGChen M.Y.SZU-MIN HSIEHWANG-HUEI SHENGHSIN-YUN SUNYU-TSUNG HUANGLo Y.C.Hsiao C.F.SHAN-CHWEN CHANG2020-03-272020-03-2720071537-6591https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/480294BACKGROUND: Risk of recurrent nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia and trends of antimicrobial resistance of NTS remain unknown in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: Ninety-three patients who received a diagnosis of NTS bacteremia from June 1994 through June 2006 were prospectively followed up. Incidence of recurrent NTS bacteremia was compared between the pre-HAART era (June 1994-March 1997) and the HAART era (April 1997-June 2006). Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was compared among the NTS isolates obtained in the pre-HAART era, the early HAART era (April 1997-June 2002), and the late HAART era (July 2002-June 2006). RESULTS: Compared with patients enrolled in the pre-HAART era, patients who received HAART had an incidence of recurrent NTS bacteremia that was significantly reduced by 96%; the incidence of recurrent NTS bacteremia was 2.56 cases per 100 person-years in the HAART era, compared with 70.56 cases per 100 person-years in the pre-HAART era (rate ratio, 0.036; 95% confidence interval, 0.012-0.114; P<.001). In the HAART era, the incidence of recurrent NTS bacteremia did not increase among patients receiving fluoroquinolone prophylaxis for <or=30 days (1.69 cases per 100 person-years), compared with among patients receiving fluoroquinolones for >30 days (3.95 cases per 100 person-years), with a rate ratio of 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.07-2.58). Although resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol decreased, the proportion of NTS isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones increased from 0% in the pre-HAART era to 6.2% in the early HAART era and 34.2% in the late HAART era (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of recurrent NTS bacteremia decreased significantly in the HAART era, although NTS isolates obtained from HIV-infected patients were increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolones.[SDGs]SDG3antiretrovirus agent; quinolone derivative; adult; article; bacteremia; comparative study; female; follow up; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; male; microbiological examination; middle aged; multidrug resistance; recurrent disease; salmonellosis; Taiwan; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Bacteremia; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Salmonella Infections; Taiwanjournal article10.1086/520681176829812-s2.0-34548459832